世界政治极端化态势下区域公共产品的供给困境及中国对策

The Supply Dilemma of Regional Public Goods in the Context of Polarization of World Politics and China’s Countermeasures

在大国战略竞争加剧、地缘政治回归以及全球民粹主义回潮等因素的叠加影响下,世界政治呈现极端化态势。这一新态势对国际社会产生了多重负面效应,对区域公共产品供给主体、议题与结构的影响值得特别关注。区域公共产品缘起于超越国际公共产品被霸权国“私物化”的尝试,着眼于对接一定区域内国家的发展或安全需求,致力于通过消费主体与供给主体高度匹配实现最优供给。在世界政治极端化态势下,区域公共产品供给面临严峻困境:一是再次“私物化”,供给主体因恶性竞争构建排他性“小圈子”;二是逐渐“安全化”,供给议题由低政治领域急剧转向高政治领域;三是最终“不优化”,供给结构重叠错位导致供需不匹配。作为负责任大国,中国可围绕新态势下区域公共产品供给的公益性、发展性以及精准性贡献中国智慧、中国方案和中国力量。

Under the superimposed influence of such factors as the intensification of strategic competition among major countries,the return of geopolitics and the resurgence of global populism,world politics is showing an obvious trend of polarization.This new trend has exerted multiple negative effects on the international community,and its impact on the entities,issues,and structures of regional public goods supply deserves special attention.Regional public goods are created to transcend the attempt to privatize international public goods by hegemonic countries,focusing on the development or security needs of countries in a specific region,and striving to achieve the optimal supply of public goods through a high degree of matching between consumers and supply entities.Under the trend of the polarization of world politics,the provision of regional public goods is facing a severe predicament:Firstly,it is subject to“privatization”with a vengeance and supply entities tend to form exclusive“small circles”due to vicious competition;Secondly,it is gradually moving towards“securitization”with supply issues drastically shifting from low political domains to high political domains;Thirdly,it comes close to ultimate“non-optimization”,where the overlapping and misaligned supply structures lead to a mismatch between supply and demand.As a responsible major country,China is duty-bound to contribute Chinese wisdom,solutions and strength to addressing the predicament by centering around public benefits,development and targeted provision of regional public goods under the new trend.