新疆主栽春小麦品种花药培养力基因型差异分析

Study on genotypic differences of anther culture ability in mainly cultivated spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang

【目的】研究新疆春小麦品种花药培养力基因型差异,建立新疆小麦花药离体培养技术体系,鉴定新疆主栽及近期审定的14个春小麦品种花药培养力,筛选新疆小麦高花培力核心亲本种质。【方法】以新疆主栽及近期审定的春小麦品种为参验材料,采用以C_(17)诱导培养基与NT 5分化培养基为主的花药离体培养技术,计算参试材料的愈伤组织诱导率、绿苗分化率、绿苗产率、白苗分化率和白苗产率,分析5个花药培养力性状的相关性。【结果】14个基因型的春小麦品种愈伤组织诱导率、绿苗分化率、绿苗产率、白苗分化率及白苗产率变化范围分别为0%~3.33%、0%~220%、0%~7.30%、0%~50%和0%~0.66%,各花药培养力性状在不同基因型中差异明显,其中绿苗分化率基因型间差异最大。基因型愈伤组织诱导特性与绿苗、白苗的分化呈正相关,愈伤再生分化成绿苗或是白苗无相关性。【结论】筛选出能产生愈伤组织的基因型5个,分别为新春6号、新春39号、新春43号、新春44号和新春48号;新春39号花药分化绿苗产率7.30%,新春44号花药分化绿苗产率1.50%,筛选出新春39号和新春44号2个花培育种核心亲本材料。

【Objective】To investigate the genotypic differences in anther culture ability of spring wheat varieties,establish the anther culture technology for wheat in Xinjiang,determine the anther culture ability of main cultivated and recently approved 14 spring wheat varieties,and select high anther culture ability parental materials for wheat breeding in the region.【Methods】Using mainly C_(17)-induced culture medium and NT5 differentiation culture medium as the main culture media,the anther culture technology was used to evaluate the callus induction rate,green plant differentiation rate,green plant production rate,albino plant differentiation rate,and albino plant production rate of the test materials,and then the correlation analysis of 5 anther culture traits was carried out.【Results】The range of callus induction rate,green plant differentiation rate,green plant production rate,albino plant differentiation rate,and albino plant production rate of 14 genotypes of spring wheat varieties was 0%-3.33%,0%-220%,0%-7.30%,0%-50%,0%-0.66%,respectively.The anther culture traits differed significantly among different genotypes,with the green plant differentiation rate showing the greatest variation.The callus induction characteristics were positively correlated with the differentiation of green plants and albino plants,but there was no correlation between callus regeneration and the differentiation into green plants or albino plants.【Conclusion】Five genotypes are screened out that could produce callus:Xinchun 6,Xinchun 39,Xinchun 43,Xinchun 44,and Xinchun 48.Among them,Xinchun 39 and Xinchun 44 have the highest green plant differentiation rates.The green plant differentiation rate of Xinchun 39 is 7.30%,and that of Xinchun 44 is 1.50%.Xinchun 39 and Xinchun 44 are selected as the core parental materials for anther culture breeding.