干旱荒漠区9个杏品种的花器官冻害生理生化分析

Physiological study of frost damage on flower organs of nine apricot varieties in arid desert area

【目的】测试干旱荒漠区9个杏品种的花器官生理生化指标,分析9个杏品种花器官的半致死温度,研究不同花器官抗寒性强弱,为选择抗寒栽培品种与抗寒育种提供依据。【方法】测试花器官电导率、SOD、POD生理生化指标,应用Excel表与DPS软件分析测试数据。【结果】杏品种雌蕊、雄蕊、花瓣半致死温度由高到低依次为花瓣>雄蕊>雌蕊;不同杏品种雌蕊、雄蕊、花瓣半致死温度由高到低依次为巴丹油杏>珍珠油杏>小树上干杏>丰园红杏>杏王>金太阳杏>凯特杏>红李广杏>李广杏;不同低温处理下杏品种花蕾、花朵半致死温度由高到低依次为花蕾>花朵;不同杏品种已开放花器官、花蕾、花朵半致死温度由高到低依次均为巴丹油杏>珍珠油杏>小树上干杏>丰园红杏>杏王>金太阳杏>凯特杏>红李广杏>李广杏;不同杏品种盛开花组织低温处理SOD活性变化趋势,随着处理温度由高到低,各品种雌蕊、雄蕊、花瓣的SOD活性值呈先低至高再降低的趋势,雌蕊、雄蕊出现高峰值的温度为-1℃,花瓣出现高峰值的温度除巴丹油杏、珍珠油杏、小树上干杏3个品种外-5℃仍为上升过程,其余品种在-1~-3℃;不同杏品种盛开花组织低温处理POD活性变化趋势,随着处理温度0、-1、-3和-5℃由高至低,各杏品种雌蕊、雄蕊、花瓣的SOD活性值呈低至高的趋势,雌蕊、雄蕊SOD活性值呈由低至高再降低的过程,出现高峰值的温度因品种抗寒性的不同而不同,巴丹油杏、珍珠油杏、小树上干杏、丰园红杏、杏王均为-3℃,凯特杏、红李广杏、李广杏均为-1℃,花瓣出现高峰值的温度除巴丹油杏、珍珠油杏、小树上干杏、丰园红杏在-5℃仍为上升过程,其余品种高分值在-1~-3℃。【结论】9个杏品种花器官抗寒性大小依次为巴丹油杏>珍珠油杏>小树上干杏>丰园红杏>杏王>金太阳杏>凯特杏>红李广杏>李广杏,霜冻年份,各杏品种实际冻害结果与生理测试分析基本一致。

【Objective】To obtain the cold resistance of different flower organs and analyze the semi-lethal temperature of flower organs of 9 varieties by testing the physiological and biochemical indexes of flower organs of 9 apricot varieties in the hope of providing a basis for the selection of cold-resistant cultivation varieties and cold-resistant breeding.【Methods】The electrical conductivity of the flower organs,the physiological and biochemical indicators of SOD and POD were tested,and then the test data were analyzed with Excel table and DPS software.【Results】The sort of semi-fatal temperatures for pistils,stamens,and petals from high to low was petals>stamens>pistils;the rating from high to low of the semi-fatal temperatures for pistils,stamens,and petals of different varieties were Prunus amygdalus Batsch>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Prunus armemiaca>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Prunus armeniaca L>Prunus armeniaca L>Prunus armemiaca>Prunus armeniaca;Through the analysis results of frost damage on flower buds and flowers under different low temperature treatments,the sorts from high to low of the semi-fatal temperature of flower buds and flowers were flower buds>flowers;At the same time,it was also shown that,in different varieties of apricot flowers,the sort from high to low of the semi-lethal temperature of the opened flower organs,flower buds,and flowers was Prunus amygdalus Batsch>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Prunus armemiaca>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Prunus armeniaca L>Prunus-armeniaca-L>Prunus armemiaca>Prunus armeniaca;the SOD activity of the flower tissues of different varieties changed from high to low.As the treatment temperature increased from high to low,the SOD activity values of each variety of pistils,stamens,and petals showed the tendency from low to high,the peak of the temperature of the pistils and stamens was-1℃,and the temperature of SOD peak for the petals was-5℃,except for the three varieties of Prunus amygdalus Batsch、Armeniaca vulgaris Lam,Armeniaca vulgaris Lam,which was still in an upward process.And those of the rest of the varieties were between-1 and-3℃;the POD activity of different apricot varieties changed.With treatment temperatures of 0,-1,-3 and-5℃from high to low,the SOD activity values of each variety of pistils,stamens,and petals showed a process from low to high.The SOD activity values for pistils and stamens showed a process from low to high,then to low,the temperature of SOD peak varies according to the cold resistance of different varieties,the temperature of SOD peak of Prunus amygdalus Batsch,Armeniaca vulgaris Lam,and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam,Prunus armemiaca,Armeniaca vulgaris Lam was-3℃,the temperature of SOD peak of Prunus armeniaca L,Prunus armemiaca and Prunus armeniaca was-1℃.The temperature of SOD peak for the petals was-5℃,except for the varieties of Prunus amygdalus Batsch,Armeniaca vulgaris Lam,Armeniaca vulgaris Lam,Prunus armemiaca,which was still in an upward process.And the high values of the rest varieties were between-1℃-3℃.【Conclusion】The sort of the cold resistance of the nine varieties of floral organs is Prunus amygdalus Batsch>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Prunus armemiaca>Armeniaca vulgaris Lam>Prunus armeniaca L>Prunus armeniaca L>Prunus armemiaca>Prunus armeniaca.In the frost year,the actual frost damage results of each variety are basically consistent with physiological test analysis.