淀粉胶枣木基炭缓释肥的制备及缓释性能分析

Preparation of jujube based carbon slow release fertilizer with starch as adhesive and its release property analysis

【目的】研究淀粉胶枣木基炭缓释肥的制备及缓释性能。【方法】以枣木炭基为载体、自制改性淀粉为胶黏剂、尿素为肥料,在自制成型模具上制造出枣木炭基缓释肥,研究5个因素(即水分加入量、成型温度、成型压力、炭肥比以及胶粘剂加入量)等对缓释肥抗压性能和缓释性能的影响,优化缓释肥成型的工艺参数、缓释性能以及机械性能。【结果】在7 kN的成型压力、20%的含水量、60℃的成型温度,对纯炭粉体的成形与抗压性能有较好的影响;将尿素与炭粉混合后成型,可以提高颗粒的强度,相同成肥情况下,枣木炭和尿素比例为4:1时,此时颗粒的抗压强度最高,而胶粘剂比例为4%时,颗粒的抗压强度最高。【结论】采用不同比例配制得的缓释肥,与传统相比,其对氮的积累释放率都较好,且以4%的胶黏剂添加用量为佳。与纯尿素肥料相比,所制备的缓释肥颗粒具有较好的抗压能力,可以有效地改善缓释性能。

【Objective】Preparation of jujube based carbon slow release fertilizer with starch as adhesive and its release property analysis.【Methods】In this work,jujube charcoal as the carrier,modified starch as the adhesive and urea as the active component and they were employed to prepare jujube charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer by changing the factors,such as the amount of water content,the molding temperature,the molding pressure,the carbon fertilizer ratio and the adding amount of adhesive,and after that the influence of these factors on the compressive and slow-release properties of the slow-release fertilizer were explored.【Results】The experimental results showed that when the forming pressure was 7 kN,the water content was 20%and the forming temperature was 60℃,the forming and compressive properties of pure carbon powder were better.Under the same conditions of fertilizer formation,when the ratio of charcoal to urea was 4∶1 and the ratio of adhesive was 4%,the jujube particles had the highest compressive strength.【Conclusion】Compared with the traditional slow-release fertilizer,the prepared slow-release fertilizer had better nitrogen accumulation and release rate when the amount of adhesive added was 4%.Compared with pure urea fertilizer,the jujube charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer particles prepared in this work have better compression resistance which can effectively improve its slow-release performance.