论马克思跨越卡夫丁峡谷命题的分析条件和理论地位——兼与张一兵和孙来斌教授商榷

The Analysis Conditions and Theoretical Status of Marx's Theory of Leaping over Caudine Forks of Capitalism:Discussion with Zhang Yibing and Sun Laibin

俄国公社和俄国社会存在一条跨越资本主义的卡夫丁峡谷建设社会主义的发展道路,是马克思以《共产党宣言》《资本论》等代表性著作对于起主导作用的资本主义生产方式发展规律的分析为既定理论前提,根据俄国农村公社所处的世界历史环境,具体剖析俄国公社的特殊性质和作用于它的各种力量而得出的综合结论。因此,我们既不能以跨越卡夫丁峡谷理论来否定《共产党宣言》和《资本论》所揭示的人类社会发展规律的普适性,也不能以《共产党宣言》和《资本论》中关于资本主义发生、发展和必然灭亡的一般规律来否定东方落后国家存在跨越资本主义卡夫丁峡谷的可能性。马克思为东方落后国家指明的跨越资本主义制度的卡夫丁峡谷建设社会主义的发展道路,不是以社会主义和其他任何非资本主义之名发展资本主义,而是继承西欧资本主义时代成就、批判性地超越资本主义生产方式走科学社会主义道路。廓清马克思跨越卡夫丁峡谷理论的分析条件和理论地位,为我们排除流行于国内外的重塑、重构、重建唯物史观等错误思潮的影响,为我们深化对唯物史观的认识、以科学的唯物史观为指导坚定地走中国特色社会主义道路建设科学社会主义提供了理论支撑。

The Russian commune and Russian society have a road of building socialism by leaping over Caudine Forks of capitalism,which is a comprehensive conclusion based on Marx's analysis of the development law of capitalist mode of production in his representative works such as the Communist Manifesto and Capital,and based on the world historical environment of the Russian commune and a concrete analysis of the special character of the Russian commune as well as the forces acting on it.Therefore,we can neither use the theory of leaping over Caudine Forks of capitalism to deny the universality of the laws of human social development as revealed in the Communist Manifesto and Capital,nor can we deny the possibility of the backward countries in the East crossing the Caudine Forks of capitalism by the general laws of the emergence,development and inevitable demise of capitalism in the Communist Manifesto and Capital.The road of building socialism by leaping over Caudine Forks of capitalism pointed out by Marx for the backward countries in the East is not to develop capitalism in the name of socialism or any other non-capitalist,but to inherit the achievements of the capitalist era in Western Europe,critically transcend the capitalist mode of production and take the road of scientific socialism.Ciarifying the analysis conditions and theoretical status of Marx's theory of leaping over Caudine Forks of capitalism provides theoretical support for us to eliminate the influence of wrong thoughts such as reconstruction of historical materialism,which is influential both at home and abroad,deepen our understanding of historical materialism,and firmly walk the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics to build scientific socialism under the guidance of scientific historical materialism.