资本有机构成、劳动收入份额与产能利用率——一个审视资本主义内生经济危机的视角

Organic Composition of Capital,Labor Income Share,and Capacity Utilization:A Perspective on Examining Endogenous Economic Crisis of Capitalism

本文基于马克思一般利润率思想和新卡莱茨基经济增长模型,利用WIOD数据库估算了2000—2014年29个国家的产能利用率,研究了资本主义产能过剩及经济危机的内生机理。研究发现,纳入一般利润率的产能利用率,能有效识别出经济危机爆发对过剩产能的强制性毁灭作用。发展中国家的产能利用率整体上低于发达国家,中国的产能利用率呈现相对平稳的变动趋势。中国相对较高的劳动收入份额有效防范了2008年经济危机的严重冲击。资本有机构成提高在短期内会降低产能利用率,在长期中则有助于提升产能利用率。劳动收入份额提高对发达国家产能利用率有显著负向影响,而对发展中国家产能利用率则有显著正向影响。产能利用率提升会显著提升资本有机构成,在短期内不利于发达国家的劳动收入份额提升。发达国家更易陷入资本主义经济危机内生恶性循环中。

Based on Marx's general rate of profit(GRP)theory and the Neo-Kaleckian economic growth model,this paper estimates the capacity utilization of 29 countries from 2000 to 2014 using the WIOD database and studies the endogenous mechanisms of capitalist overcapacity and economic crisisi.Research has found that:The capacity utilization,which includes GRP,can effectively identify the mandatory destructive effect of economic crises on excess capacity.The capacity utilization of developing countries is lower than that of developed countries,China's capacity utilization shows a relatively stable trend.China's relatively high share of labor income effectively prevented the severe impact of the 2008 economic crisis.The increase of OCC will reduce capacity utilization in the short term and help improve capacity utilization in the long term.Labor income share has a significant negative impact on the capacity utilization of developed countries,while has a significant positive impact on the capacity utilization of developing countries.Capacity utilization will significantly enhance the OCC,and will suppress the increase in labor income share in developed countries in the short term.Developed countries are more likely to fall into the vicious cycle of capitalist economic crises.