饮用水水质标准升级带来的消毒副产物挑战与对策

The challenges of disinfection by-products brought by the upgrading of drinking water quality standards and the countermeasures

随着国家和地方饮用水水质标准提升,标准中增加了消毒副产物指标、提高了标准限值和检测频率。加之水源水中有机物浓度居高不下,使得消毒副产物成为我国供水行业面临的重要水质挑战。以三卤甲烷、卤乙酸、亚硝胺为代表,汇总了公开文献报道中我国典型城市饮用水中消毒副产物浓度。介绍了上述消毒副产物的前体物成分、来源和解析方法。基于中试和生产运行数据,提出了水源调控、厂内控制的消毒副产物控制策略。其中,强化混凝沉淀、增加臭氧-活性炭深度处理和优化消毒工艺是控制上述消毒副产物的关键处理工艺。

The improvement of national and local drinking water quality standards in China has added more items of disinfection by-products,tightened the standard limits and increased the detection frequency.Meanwhile,the concentration of organic matter is still high in source water.These above situations have made DBPs an important water quality challenge faced by China’s water supply industry.This article summarizes the concentrations of typical DBPs such as trihalomethanes,haloacetic acids,and nitrosamines,in drinking water of representative cities in China according to open literature.The precursor components,sources,and characterization methods of the abovementioned DBPs were introduced.Based on the data of pilot and real water treatment plants,DBP control strategies for water source regulation and in-plant control were proposed.Among them,strengthening coagulation precipitation,applying ozone and activated carbon advanced treatment,and optimizing disinfection processes are the key treatment processes for controlling the abovementioned DBPs.