认知语法框架下的受事主语句研究

A Study of the Patient Subject Construction in the Framework of Cognitive Grammar

典型的汉语受事主语句从受事的视角,凸显受事与施事互动后发生的状态变化,或者变化后的结果持续状态。非典型受事主语句则将施事与受事的互动背景化,从工具、处所或其他受影响的参与者视角,凸显这些参与者在施事的作用下所发生的状态变化以及变化后的结果状态。从句法上看,施事不在受事主语句的编码范围内,因而会受到抑制。从语义上看,受事主语句由于凸显的是事件的终止和结果阶段,即没有能量输入的非施事性阶段,因而具有非宾格性。

From the perspective of the patient,the patient subject construction(hereafter PSC)in Chinese typically profiles the change of state that happens to the patient and the on-going state resulting from the interaction between the agent and the patient.Atypical PSCs,in contrast,profiles the change of state and the resultant state that the instrument,locative or other affected participant undergoes by putting the interaction between the agent and the patient in the background.Syntactically,the agent is suppressed as it lies outside the coding system of the PSC.Semantically,as the PSC profiles the final and result phases of the event where the agent stops acting on the patient,that is,the non-agentive phases without input of energy,the PSC takes on unaccusativity.