综合高中改革:理念、动力与未来路径

On the Reform of Comprehensive Senior High Schools:Concepts,Motivation and Future Paths

综合高中在国内、国外都已有百余年发展历史,其“综合”皆指向普通教育与职业教育的综合。近期,立足“坚持高中阶段学校多样化发展”“推进职普融通”两项议题,部分省市重启综合高中改革。结合前期试点实践,综合考虑大学就业严峻形势、国家经济社会发展的人才需求、教育系统自身完善等现实需要,新时期有必要重新审视中学阶段的“分流”与“定向”,进一步明确综合高中内涵与功能。将综合高中既作为一种育人理念、培养方式,也作为一种办学模式,在课程、班级、学校三个层面展开试点,增强高中教育制度的适应性与开放性。尽管如此,我国以统一标准举办综合高中具有一定的难度,短期内不宜预设发展规模、标准体系,由地方开展经费标准、招生政策、师资标准和升学路径方面的探索较为适合。

Comprehensive senior high schools have a development history of over 100 years both at home and abroad,and the“comprehensive”refers to the integration of general education and vocational education.Recently,based on topics of“adhering to the diversified development of senior high schools”and“promoting the integration of vocational and general education”,some provinces and municipalities have resumed reforms of comprehensive senior high schools.Based on the previous pilot projects and taking into account the severe employment situation of university graduates,the talent needs of national economic and social development,and the actual needs of the improvement of the education system itself,it is necessary to reexamine and redefine the concepts of“diversion”and“orientation”at the middle school stage in the new era,and further clarify the connotations and functions of comprehensive senior high schools.Comprehensive senior high schools can be regarded as not only an educational model and cultivation method,but also a schoolrunning model.It should be encouraged to carry out pilot projects at the levels of curriculum,class and school to enhance the adaptability and openness of the senior high school education system.Nevertheless,it should be noted that it poses certain challenges to run comprehensive senior high schools with unified standards in China;therefore,setting predetermined scales or standard systems in the short term is not advisable.It is more appropriate for local governments to explore funding standards,enrollment policies,teacher standards and pathways for further education.