外商直接投资与中国产业结构升级——基于比较优势跃迁的视角

Foreign Direct Investment and China's Industrial Structure Upgrading:Comparative Advantage Transition Perspective

本文利用海关数据测算中国比较优势跃迁格局,结合地级市统计和工商注册信息,识别外商直接投资对比较优势跃迁的影响。研究发现,2000—2009年中国比较优势跃迁程度稳步提升,比较优势跃迁格局呈现空间异质特征。比较优势跃迁可以反映本土产业结构突破路径依赖的优化升级和经济发展质量的提升。外商直接投资显著促进了比较优势跃迁。机制分析表明,外商直接投资通过带来外部先进知识冲击,促进微观企业投入结构调整,进而赋能宏观层面的比较优势跃迁。本文有助于深化理解外商直接投资对产业结构升级的影响,为更大力度吸引和利用外资,更好地促进高水平对外开放提供政策依据。

We use customs data to calculate China's comparative advantage transition patterns.Combining prefecture-level statistics and registration information of industrial and commercial enterprises,we identify the effect of foreign direct investment(FDI)on comparative advantage transition.We find that from 2000to 2009,China's comparative advantage transition degree steadily increased,accompanied by evident heterogeneity across regions.Comparative advantage transition can reflect the optimization and upgrading of domestic industrial structure,and the leap in quality of economic development.FDI significantly promotes the comparative advantage transition by bringing about external knowledge shocks and fostering adjustments in the input structure among firms.