政策性农业信贷担保“看人”“看事”机制有效吗?——以解决“融资贵”问题为例

Are the People-oriented and Task-oriented Mechanisms of Policy-based Agricultural Credit Guarantee Effective?——Taking the Issue of High Cost of Financing as an Example

“看人——获取软信息”“看事——获取硬信息”是政策性农业信贷担保机制缓解信息不对称的重要手段,厘清其对融资成本的作用机理,对于缓解“融资贵”问题具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文基于内蒙古自治区3市382个农业经营主体的调查数据,实证分析了“看人”“看事”机制对不同类型融资成本的差异性影响。研究发现,“看人”“看事”机制对显性融资成本无影响,“看人”机制对隐性融资成本的增加作用更强,“看事”机制对转嫁成本的增加作用更强。机制检验表明,“看人”“看事”机制引发的多层次委托代理关系是政策性农业信贷担保市场融资成本高的本质原因。进一步研究发现,数字赋能和软信息硬化是缓解“融资贵”问题的有效路径。据此,从“有为政府+有效市场”、强化内部激励机制、加快数据信息系统建设、引进能人型村干部等方面提出实现农业信贷担保体系高质量发展的政策建议。

"People-oriented-obtaining soft information"and"Task-oriented-obtaining hard information"are important means of alleviating information asymmetry in policy-based agricultural credit guarantee mechanism.Clarifying its mechanism of action on financing cost has important theoretical and practical significance for explaining the problem of"expensive financing".Based on the survey data of 382 agricultural business entities in three cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the paper empirically analyzes the differential impact of"'people-oriented"and"task-oriented"on different types of financing costs.The study finds that the mechanisms of people-oriented and task-oriented have no effect on explicit financing costs,but the mechanism of people-oriented has a stronger effect on increasing implicit financing costs,while the mechanism of task-oriented has a stronger effect on increasing transfer costs.Mechanism testing indicates that the multi-level principal-agent relationships triggered by the people-oriented and task-oriented mechanisms are the reasons for the high cost of financing.Further research reveals that the hardening of soft information and digital empowerment are effective paths to reduce the financing costs in the policy-based guarantee market.Accordingly,policy recommendations for the high-quality development of the agricultural credit guarantee system are proposed from aspects such as active government plus effective market,strengthening internal incentive mechanisms,introducing capable village cadres,and digital empowerment.