得失之间:西班牙教科书地区自治管理模式评鉴

Between Gains and Losses:An Evaluation of the Regional Autonomy Management Model of Textbooks in Spain

教科书是学生学习知识、训练思维能力以及树立价值观的一种重要载体,对国家教育体系、学校教学和师生成长具有至关重要的影响。本研究采用理论分析法,通过梳理西班牙教科书在编撰、审定、出版发行及选用环节的政策实施情况,系统分析其教科书管理模式的优势与不足,并探讨这一管理模式对中国教科书政策改革的启示。研究发现,西班牙独特的历史发展决定了其教科书在编撰、审定、出版和选用制度上地区高度自治的管理特色,其地区自治在促进教科书内容适应性和响应地方文化需求方面表现突出;但由于缺乏有效的全国统一监管,也带来了教科书内容差异大、品质不一、教学活动易受商业支配、教学内容一致性不足等问题。因此,我国应继续将教科书视为国家事权的一部分,坚持“国家统一规划”的教科书制度,同时提升地方教材的多样性、地方适应性,并在坚持中国特色社会主义教科书管理原则的基础上加强市场竞争机制。

Textbooks serve as a critical medium for students to acquire knowledge,develop cognitive skills,and establish values,thereby playing a crucial role in the national education system,school instruction,and the growth of students and teachers alike.This study employs theoretical analysis to systematically examine the implementation of policies related to the compilation,approval,publication,and selection of textbooks in Spain,with the aim of analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of its textbook management model and exploring the implications for reforming China's textbook policies.The research reveals that Spain's unique historical development has led to a high degree of regional autonomy in its textbook management,particularly in the areas of compilation,approval,publication,and selection.This regional autonomy has been effective in tailoring textbook content to local cultural needs;however,the absence of effective nationwide regulation has resulted in significant disparities in content,inconsistent quality,and a susceptibility of educational activities to commercial influences,thereby undermining the uniformity of educational content.Therefore,China should continue to treat textbooks as a matter of national sovereignty by maintaining a"national unified planning"approach while also enhancing the diversity of local textbooks and improving their adaptability to regional needs.Furthermore,it recommends strengthening market competition mechanisms while adhering to the principles of socialist textbook management with Chinese characteristics.