刑事一体化视角下《监察法》从宽处罚建议制度适用研究

Research on the Application of the Lenient Punishment Suggestion System of the Oversight Law of the People’s Republic of China from the Perspective of Criminal Integration

《中华人民共和国监察法》(以下简称《监察法》)第31条、第32条规定的从宽处罚建议制度在实务中适用率较低,且没有达到良好的适用效果,存在一定的适用困境。究其原因,其实体认定条件较为严苛,不符合阶梯式从宽理念,程序上则存在适用形式多样、程序繁琐、效力不明等情况。要想真正解决该适用困境,需要梳理其与刑事诉讼认罪认罚从宽制度之间的关系。二者在理论内核、评价标准上有异曲同工之处,但是在制度特点和适用范围上又有所不同。据此,《监察法》从宽处罚建议制度应当在刑事一体化的视角下以实用性为导向,既要保持与刑事诉讼制度的有效衔接,又要坚持其独有的监察属性,在实体上调整分层从宽的适用条件,在程序上统一适用形式,调整决策程序,增加司法回应,以确保职务犯罪案件中从宽处罚建议的适用落实到位,真正实现我国反腐工作的法治化与科学化。

The lenient punishment recommendation system stipulated in Articles 31 and 32 of the Oversight Law of the People’s Republic of China has a low application rate in practice and has no good application effect.The reason is that the substantive identification conditions are more stringent,which does not conform to the concept of step-by-step leniency.In terms of procedures,there are various forms of application,cumbersome procedures,and unclear effectiveness.To solve this applicable dilemma,it is necessary to sort out the relationship between it and the leniency system of pleading guilty and acceptance punishment in criminal proceedings.There are similarities and differences between the two in terms of theoretical core and evaluation criteria,but they are different in terms of institutional characteristics and scope of application.Accordingly,the lenient punishment suggestion system of the Oversight Law of the People’s Republic of China should be practical-oriented from the perspective of criminal integration,it is necessary to maintain an effective connection with the criminal procedure system,but also adhere to its unique supervisory attributes,adjust the applicable conditions of layered leniency in the entity,unify the applicable forms in the procedure,adjust the decision-making procedure,and increase the judicial response,so as to ensure that the application of lenient punishment recommendations in duty crime cases is in place,and truly realize the legalization and scientification of China’s anti-corruption work.