新时代文物犯罪治理对策研究

Study on the Governance Countermeasures of Cultural Relic Crimes in the New Era

文物犯罪严重侵害文化传承,是国内外公认的犯罪类型。面对日趋隐蔽和复杂的文物犯罪形势,加强文物犯罪治理势在必行。新时代背景下,推进文物犯罪治理体系和治理能力现代化是文物保护工作的核心内容,构建高水平文物安全是社会治理的重要目标。通过横向比较,国外在法律制度、国际合作、科技运用、社会参与和文化教育等方面积累了诸多成功经验,这些可以成为我国文物犯罪治理的借鉴。加强我国文物犯罪治理需要采取多元举措,具体包括:强化法律规范供给方面,需要强化涉案人员的刑事责任,严格文物出境,建立文物赔偿制度;构建立体式文物犯罪打防体系方面,需要树立侦查经营理念,拓展人力情报资源,开展跨部门协作,加强科技研发和应用,探索符合域情的打防模式;提升文物保护现代化水平方面,需要进一步明确文物保护区域,提升文物保护的民众参与度,加强文物保护技术研发。

Cultural relics crime is the common crime style in the world,and it destructs the cultural heritage seriously.Facing to the secret and complex cultural relics crime situation,it is necessary to improve the cultural relics crime governace.In the new era,realizing the modern of the system and ability of the cultural relics crime governance is the core content of the cultural relics protection work,and building high level cultural relics security is the important target of the social governance.Foreign countries accumulate some successful experiences on the law system,international cooperation,technology applying,social joining and cultrue education,which can provide helpful advice to cultural relics crime governance in our country.There are some measures to improve the cultural relics crime governance level,which can be divided into three aspects.The first aspect is strengthening the law regulation providing which include improving the criminal liability to the offenders,making the cultural relics being strict to exit and building the cultural relics compensation system;the second aspect is building the comprehensive cultural relics crimes investigating and preventing system,which include building the investigating management idea,developing the human intelligence resource,strengthening the cooperation between different departments,strengthening the study and application of technology and exploring the region characteristic investigation and preventing model;the last aspect is improving the protecting cultural relics modernization level,which include clearing the cultural relics areas,improving the publics'protecting cultural relics participation and strengthening the technology study of culturalrelics protection.