家蚕驯化起源研究概述

Overview of the Origin of Domestication of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori

家蚕(Bombyx mori)的驯化是农业史上的重大事件之一,由之形成的养蚕业对中华文明和世界农业历史产生了深远的影响。关于家蚕的驯化起源,除了远古的神话传说外,研究人员从历史学、考古学和生物学角度进行了溯源,尤其是近20年获得了大量的分子生物学证据。本文对家蚕驯化起源的2个核心科学问题——野生祖先来源和起源地(驯化事件发生地)的相关生物学研究进展进行概述。分子生物学和基因组学证据表明,家蚕的野生祖先是中国野桑蚕(Chinese Bombyx mandarina),而不是日本野桑蚕(Japanese B.mandarina),所有的家蚕品种都来自于一个起源中心。最新的泛基因组分析结果表明,家蚕的驯化起源于黄河中下游地区。

The domestication of the silkworm,Bombya mori is one of the major events in agricultural history,and the resulting sericulture has had a profound impact on Chinese civilization and world history.Regarding the domestication origin of the silkworm,in addition to ancient myths and legends,researchers have traced it back from the perspectives of history,archaeology,and biology,especially a large amount of molecular biology evidence in the past 20 years.This article provides an overview of the relevant biological research progress on two core scientific issues regarding the domestication origin of the silkworm:the wild ancestor and the place of origin(where domestication events occurred).Molecular biology and genomic evidence suggest that the wild ancestor of the silkworm is the Chinese Bombya mandarina,not the Japanese B.mandarina,and all silkworm varieties originate from a single center of origin.The latest pan genomic analysis results indicate that the domestication of the silkworm originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.