人力资本对新质生产力的影响效应及机制分析

The Impact and the Mechanism of Human Capital on New Productive Forces

高新技术产业新质生产力的提高对劳动者的知识、经验、技能等有着更高的要求,因此,从人力资本的多个维度研究其对高新技术产业新质生产力的影响具有重要意义。本文基于2008—2019年北京市中关村海淀科技园企业数据,从人力资本的学历、技能、工龄三个维度分别讨论了人力资本对企业新质生产力的影响效应与影响机制。实证结果显示:各维度人力资本对新质生产力有显著影响,员工受教育水平越高、工龄越长,将越有利于企业新质生产力的提高;基于中介效应模型进一步分析显示,不同维度人力资本主要通过创新机制和技术转化机制影响企业新质生产力。在创新机制中,人力资本在学历和工龄维度发挥着主要作用;而在技术转化机制中,人力资本在学历、工龄和技能维度均发挥着主要作用。本文的研究结论对我国高新技术产业因地制宜进行人才配置实现高质量发展具有政策启示。

The improvement of the new quality productive forces of high-tech industries has higher requirements for the knowledge,experience,and skills of labor force.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the impact of human capital on the new productive forces of high-tech industries from multiple dimensions.Based on the enterprise data of Haidian Science and Technology Park in Zhongguancun,Beijing from 2008 to 2019,this paper discusses the influence and mechanism of human capital on the new productive forces of enterprises from the three dimensions of human capital:education,skills and years of employment.The empirical results show that human capital in all dimensions has a significant impact on the new productive forces,and the higher the education level and the longer the years of employment,the more conducive to the improvement of the new productive forces of the enterprise.Further analysis based on the mediating effect model shows that human capital in different dimensions mainly affects the new productive forces of enterprises through innovation mechanism and technology transfer mechanism.In the innovation mechanism,human capital plays a major role in the dimensions of education and years of employment.In the technology transfer mechanism,human capital plays a major role in the dimensions of education,years of employment,and skills.The conclusions of this paper have policy implications for the high-quality development of China’s high-tech industry by allocating talents according to local conditions.