聚合物基轻质吸波复合材料研究进展

Research Progress of Polymer-based Lightweight Composites for Microwave Absorptions

现代信息化武器装备的大规模使用构成了数量繁多、密集重叠、动态交错的复杂电磁环境,高性能吸波材料是防止电磁干扰的重要手段,聚合物基吸波复合材料因具有质轻、耐腐蚀、力学性能与电性能可调等优点受到广泛关注。本文首先介绍了电磁波的吸收机制,包括阻抗匹配和衰减常数对于吸波性能的影响。然后详细讨论了聚合物基轻质吸波复合材料的结构设计、制备方法及吸波效能。论述了典型本征导电聚合物的制备方法与吸波效果,重点介绍了以聚吡咯(PPy)、聚苯胺(PANI)和聚噻吩(PTh)为代表的吸波复合材料。对于非导电聚合物基吸波材料,重点论述了表面导电型吸波复合材料与填充型吸波复合材料的制备方法及吸波性能。最后对聚合物基吸波复合材料的设计策略进行了总结,并对聚合物基轻质吸波复合材料的应用前景和发展方向进行了展望。

The large-scale use of modern information weapons and equipment constitutes a complex electromagnetic environment with numerous numbers,dense overlapping and dynamic interleaving.The high-performance microwave absorbing material is an important means to prevent electromagnetic interferences.Polymer-based microwave absorption composites have attracted widespread attentions due to their advantages such as lightweight,corrosion resistance,adjustable mechanical and electrical properties,etc.Firstly,this article introduced the absorption mechanisms of electromagnetic waves,including the influences of impedance matching and attenuation constant on the absorption performance.Then,the structural designs,preparation methods as well as absorption efficiencies of polymer-based lightweight absorbing composites were discussed.The preparation methods and absorption effects of typical intrinsic conductive polymers were discussed,with a focus on composites represented by polypyrrole(PPy),polyaniline(PANI),and polythiophene(PTh).For non-conductive polymers,the preparation methods and absorbing properties of surface conductive absorbing composites and filled absorbing composites were discussed.Finally,the design strategies of polymer-based absorbing composites were summarized,the application prospects and development directions of polymer-based lightweight microwave absorption composites were prospected.