论惩罚性赔偿制度在环境民事公益诉讼中的适用

Application of punitive damages system in environmental civil public interest litigation

为贯彻绿色发展的理念,我国《民法典》第1 232条规定了惩罚性赔偿在环境侵权诉讼领域的适用,最高人民法院进一步原则性地规定了惩罚性赔偿适用于环境公益诉讼案件。但环境民事公益诉讼适用惩罚性赔偿制度存在构成要件不明确、惩罚性赔偿金金额不统一、归属及使用具有模糊性、相关责任竞合的难点。因此需要在环境司法领域须积极找寻法律的适用路径,解决惩罚性赔偿在环境民事公益诉讼中的适用难点,实现对环境侵权人的警示功能,进而实现对环境公共利益的保护。

In order to implement the concept of green development Article 1232 of China's Civil Code stipulates the application of punitive damages in the field of environmental infringement liti-gation and the Supreme People's Court further stipulates in principle that punitive damages are ap-plicable to environmental public interest litigation cases.However there are difficulties in the appli-cation of the punitive damages system in environmental public interest civil litigation such as un-clear constituent elements inconsistent amounts of punitive damages ambiguity in attribution and use and competing liabilities.Therefore in the field of environmental justice it is necessary to ac-tively find ways to apply the law solve the difficulties in the application of punitive damages in en-vironmental civil public interest litigation realize the warning function of environmental infringers and then achieve the protection of environmental public interests.