基于改进蚁群算法的城市生态景观空间布局优化方法

Optimization method of urban ecological landscape spatial layout based on improved ant colony algorithm

布局优化过程多采用粒子群算法,但由于缺少对景观因子综合权重的计算,优化后景观的生态阻力阈值较低,优化效果较差。为此,基于改进蚁群算法提出城市生态景观空间布局优化方法。通过对城市生境质量的分析与评测,计算生态景观环境适应度,求取城市生态景观格局指数,构建生态景观空间网络,结合筛选出的核心生态源点,计算生态源点之间的最小累积阻力距离和所有斑块之间的最小路径,构成潜在生态景观廊道。根据生态景观的敏感性,确定景观因子的综合权重,以景观斑块的最大闭合度、最大连接度以及最高连通率为目标函数,构建优化模型,引入改进蚁群算法对其求解,以此获取最佳优化方案。实例论证分析结果显示,所提方法优化后得到的景观生态阻力阈值较高,空间布局优化效果较好。

The optimization process of layout often uses particle swarm optimization algorithm but due to the lack of calculation of the comprehensive weight of landscape factors the ecological re-sistance threshold of the optimized landscape is low and the optimization effect is poor.Therefore a method for optimizing the spatial layout of urban ecological landscape based on improved ant colony algorithm is proposed.By analyzing and evaluating the quality of urban habitats the adapta-bility of ecological landscape environments is calculated the urban ecological landscape pattern in-dex is obtained and an ecological landscape spatial network is constructed.Combined with the se-lected core ecological source points the minimum cumulative resistance distance between ecologi-cal source points and the minimum path between all patches are calculated to form a potential eco-logical landscape corridor.Based on the sensitivity of the ecological landscape the comprehensive weight of landscape factors is determined and the maximum closure maximum connectivity and highest connectivity of landscape patches are used as objective functions to construct an optimiza-tion model.An improved ant colony algorithm is introduced to solve it in order to obtain the best optimization solution.The application results of the example show that the optimized landscape ecological resistance threshold obtained by the proposed method is high and the spatial layout opti-mization effect is good.