厦门海域文昌鱼资源时空分布和保护

Spatiotemporal distribution and conservation of amphioxus in Xiamen waters

文昌鱼是研究动物进化的珍贵海洋生物,具有重要的科学研究价值。厦门海域文昌鱼曾经是捕捞的经济鱼种,1991年成立了厦门文昌鱼自然保护区。本文通过回顾不同时期厦门海域文昌鱼资源及其分布情况,得出厦门海域文昌鱼资源整体呈下降趋势,其中刘五店海域文昌鱼资源时空分布变化较大,前埔海域和南线—十八线海域文昌鱼资源时空分布相对稳定,小嶝岛海域仅有零星分布。不同的历史时期,围填工程、海砂开采、海水养殖和过度捕捞等海洋开发利用活动,影响着厦门海域文昌鱼资源及其分布变化。本文从文昌鱼种群恢复、生境修复等角度出发,总结和浅析现有文昌鱼增殖放流、底质环境修复的理论和实践研究等工作,建议以文昌鱼资源量和栖息面积等为核心指标,构建文昌鱼种群恢复和生境修复的评估指标体系。未来可在扩大调查范围、研究文昌鱼不同生活史阶段环境需求的基础上,建立科学有效的评估体系,开展更为全面和系统的保护和修复工作。

Amphioxus is a valuable marine organism for studying the animal evolution with significant scientific research value.The economic exploitation of amphioxus in Xiamen waters are historically significant.In 1991 Xiamen Amphioxus Natural Reserve was set up.In this study,through an examination of the resources and distribution patterns of amphioxus in Xiamen waters across different time periods,we observed a general decline in overall resource abundance.Specifically,significant changes were noted in the spatial and temporal distributions in Liuwudian waters,while distributions in Qianpu and Nanxian-Shibaxian waters remained relatively stable.Additionally,sporadic occurrences were found in the sea area surrounding Xiaodeng Island.In different historical periods,various marine development and utilization activities,such as land reclamations,sea sand mining operations,mariculture practices and over fishing have significantly impacted the resources of amphioxus and its distribution patterns in Xiamen waters.We present a comprehensive analysis of the existing theoretical and practical research on stock enhancement and substrate environment restoration for amphioxus,focusing on population and habitat restoration.Additionally,we present the development of an assessment index system for amphioxus population restoration and habitat rehabilitation,with resource quantity and habitat area as the core indicators.In the future,a more comprehensive and systematic conservation and restoration effort can be conducted by establishing a systematic and effective assessment system based on expanded survey scope and addressing the environmental requirements of amphioxus in its various life stages.