壳寡糖的制备及应用的研究进展

Research Progress of Preparation and Application of Chitooligosaccharides

甲壳质是自然界中分布广泛、产量很高的一种多糖,但是其内外氢键之间存在相互作用力,进而组成了有序的大分子结构,导致其在常用的溶剂中的溶解性受到抑制。它的脱乙酰基产物为壳聚糖,壳聚糖的水溶性仍然没有得到很好的改善。而壳寡糖是壳聚糖糖苷键经改性断裂后降解得到的寡糖产品,在改善难溶的物理特性的同时,也使其拥有了多种更高的生物活性,如抗氧化、抑菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、促进作物生长等功能。文章综述了制备壳寡糖的几种方法并且比较了它们的优缺点,讨论了它们在食品等领域中的具体应用,最后尝试对不同相对分子质量、具有不同特性的壳寡糖在各个领域的应用进行了总结。

Chitin is a kind of polysaccharide widely distributed in nature with high yield,but the interaction between the internal and external hydrogen bonds forms an ordered macromolecular structure,which results in the inhibition of its solubility in common solvents.Its deacetylation product is chitosan,and the water solubility of chitosan has not been well improved.Chitooligosaccharides are oligosaccharide products obtained by the degradation of chitosan after its glycoside bonds are broken by modification,which not only improves the insoluble physical properties,but also enables them to have a variety of higher biological activities,such as antioxidation,anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation,anti-tumor,and promoting crop growth.In this paper,several methods of preparing chitooligosaccharides are reviewed,their advantages and disadvantages are compared,their specific applications in food and other fields are discussed,and finally,the application of chitooligosaccharides with different relative molecular weights and different characteristics in various fields is summarized.