大钟寺古钟博物馆藏乾隆朝钟铸造工艺初探

Preliminary Exploration of Dazhongsi Ancient Bell Museum Qianlong Dynasty Bell Casting Process

乾隆朝钟作为大钟寺古钟博物馆的一级文物,从未有人对其铸造工艺予以关注。本文通过对其铸造现象的观察,结合便携式X射线荧光能谱检测分析数据,对其铸造工艺特点进行梳理与总结。结果表明:钟钮与钟身为不同合金材质分铸,而后铸接于一体;钟体为传统青铜材质,钟钮及嵌补材料为铅黄铜,内部支钉为铁质材料。钟内壁支钉与外壁嵌补现象不仅反映出清代失蜡工艺的特点,也为清宫档案文献的记载提供实物及数据支撑。

The Qianlong clock,as a first-class cultural relic of the Ancient Bell Museum of Dazhong Temple,has never had its casting process paid attention to.Through the observation of the casting phenomenon and the analysis data of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,the characteristics of the casting process were sorted out and summarized.The data showed that:the knobs and the bell were cast separately in different alloy materials and then cast together.The body of the clock was made of traditional bronze,the knobs and inserts were made of lead brass,and the internal studs were made of iron.The phenomenon of inner wall pinning and outer wall fixing not only reflects the characteristics of the lost-wax process in the Qing Dynasty but also provides physical and data support for the records of the Qing Palace archives.