New insights into the cardio-renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and the coordinated role of miR-30 family

Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors(SGLTis)are the latest class of anti-hyper-glycemic agents.In addition to inhibiting the absorption of glucose by the kidney causing glycosuria,these drugs also demonstrate cardio-renal benefits in diabetic subjects.miR-30 family,one of the most abundant microRNAs in the heart,has recently been linked to a setting of cardiovascular diseases and has been proposed as novel biomarkers in kidney dysfunctions as well;their expression is consistently dysregulated in a variety of cardio-renal dysfunctions.The mechanistic involvement and the potential interplay between miR-30 and SGLT2i effects have yet to be thoroughly elucidated.Recent research has stressed the relevance of this clus-ter of microRNAs as modulators of several pathological processes in the heart and kidneys,raising the possibility of these small ncRNAs playing a central role in various cardiovascular complications,notably,endothelial dysfunction and pathological remodeling.Here,we review current evidence supporting the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2is in cardiovascular and renal out-comes and investigate the link and the coordinated implication of the miR-30 family in endo-thelial dysfunction and cardiac remodeling.We also discuss the emerging role of circulating miR-30 as non-invasive biomarkers and attractive therapeutic targets for cardiovascular dis-eases and kidney diseases.Clinical evidence,as well as metabolic,cellular,and molecular as-pects,arecomprehensively covered.