2018—2023年河南省洛阳市食品微生物污染监测结果

Monitoring results of food microbial contamination in Luoyang of Henan,2018-2023

目的了解洛阳市食品中微生物污染状况,为食品安全风险监测和监管提供科学依据。方法2018—2023年采集洛阳市13类食品样品,依据《食品卫生微生物学检验总则》(GB/T 4789.1—2016),对5种卫生指示菌及10种致病菌的检测结果进行分析。结果2018—2023年采集的洛阳市1127份食品样品中,卫生指示菌超标率为29.88%(205/686),致病菌检出率为17.73%(191/1077),其中检出率最高的是蜡样芽胞杆菌,为33.68%(65/193),样品不合格率为28.57%(322/1127),不同年份卫生指示菌超标率、致病菌检出率、样品不合格率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为109.828、64.107、82.660,P均<0.05),样品不合格率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势=31.109,P<0.05)。不同食品类别中,冷冻饮品的卫生指示菌超标率和样品不合格率最高,均为93.75%(30/32),水产品的致病菌检出率最高,为50.00%(6/12);不同采样环节中,餐饮服务环节样品的卫生指示菌超标率、致病菌检出率和样品不合格率均最高,分别为40.31%(77/191)、26.89%(64/238)和40.34%(96/238)。不同采样地点中,小吃店的卫生指示菌率超标率最高,为69.23%(27/39),街头摊点的致病菌检出率和样品不合格率最高,分别为50%(23/46)和58.70%(27/46)。结论洛阳市多种食品和各采样环节存在不同程度微生物污染,相关部门应进一步加强食品安全监测和监管力度,保障居民食品安全。

Objective To understand the status of food microbial contamination in Luoyang city so as to provide scientific evidence for the risk monitoring and supervision of food safety.Methods A total of 13 types of food samples were collected in Luoyang City from 2018 to 2023.According to the General Rules for Microbiologic Test of Food Hygiene(GB/T 4789.1-2016),the detection results of five hygienic indicator bacteria and ten pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.Results Of the 1127 food samples collected in Luoyang from 2018 to 2023,the over-standard rate of hygienic indicator bacteria was 29.88%(205/686);the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 17.73%(191/1077),and Bacillus cereus had the highest detection rate,which was33.68%(65/193).The unqualified rate of samples was 28.57%(322/1127).There were statistically significant differences in the over-standard rates of hygienic indicator bacteria,the detection rates of pathogenic bacteria and the unqualified rates of samples in different years(χ^(2)values were 109.828,64.107 and 82.660,respectively;all P<0.05).The unqualified rate of samples showed a downward trend(χ^(2)trend=31.109;P<0.05).In different food types,the over-standard rate of hygienic indicator bacteria and unqualified rate of samples for frozen drinks were highest,which both were 93.75%(30/32);the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria for aquatic products was the highest,which was 50.00%(6/12).In different sampling links,the over-standard rate of hygienic indicator bacteria,detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and unqualified rate of samples for the catering service link were highest,which were 40.31%(77/191),26.89%(64/238)and 40.34%(96/238),respectively.In different sampling sites,the over-standard rate of health indicator bacteria was highest in snack bar samples,which was 69.23%(27/39),and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and unqualified rate were highest for street stall samples,which were 50%(23/46)and 58.70%(27/46),respectively.Conclusions There were different degrees of microbial contamination in various food and sampling links in Luoyang city.Relevant departments should further strengthen food safety monitoring and supervision to ensure food safety of residents.