宜兴水北村语言实践与社会资本构建

Language Practices and the Construction of Rural Social Capital in Shuibei Village,Yixing City

乡村社会资本的培育可以为乡村振兴战略的实现提供支持,而社会资本的构建离不开语言。对江苏省宜兴市水北村村民、村委会干部、村企负责人和外来务工人员等采用民族志方法进行访谈调查,从“外出”“进来”和“留守”3个视角考察其语言实践,发现不同语言实践使水北村成为一个多言社区,不同主体间共享语言水平的差异对乡村社会资本的构建产生不同的影响:外出村企人员与客户之间、外来村委会干部与村民之间较好的共享语言水平帮助他们与业务伙伴、工作对象建立了良好的信任关系;祖孙间共享语言的缺乏影响儿童的社会化和社会规范培养,外来调查员与村民间共享语言的缺乏造成文明规范宣传的失效;与村民缺乏共享语言,导致来村务工人员不能与村民建立密切社会网络。而信任、规范与网络是构成社会资本的主要元素和表现形式,它们能够通过促进合作行为来提高社会的效率。未来乡村振兴实践中要关注语言规划,在进一步提升村民普通话能力的同时,注重提高村民的语言技术产品应用能力,重视农村儿童和来村务工人员方言能力的学习、培养和提升。

The cultivation of rural social capital can provide support for the realization of rural revitalization strategies,with language playing an indispensable role in the construction of social capital.Through ethnographic interviews with villagers,village committee officials,village enterprise leaders,and migrant workers in Shuibei Village,Yixing City,Jiangsu Province,this study examines language practices from three perspectives:“outward mobility”,“inward mobility”,and “staying behind”.It was found that diverse language practices have transformed Shuibei village into a diglossia community,where varying levels of shared language among different groups have different impacts on the construction of rural social capital:Higher levels of shared language between outward enterprise personnel and customers in the villages,as well as between incoming cadres of the village committee and local residents have facilitated the establishment of a good trust-based relationship with business partners and constituents;Conversely,the lack of shared language between grandparents and grandchildren affects the socialization of children and the cultivation of their social norms.Similarly,and the lack of shared language between external investigators and villagers results in the ineffectiveness of promoting civic norms.Additionally,limited shared language with villagers has hindered incoming village workers from building close social networks with villagers.Trust,norms,and networks are the main elements and forms of social capital,which can enhance the efficiency of society by promoting cooperative behavior.In the future practice of rural revitalization,attention should be paid to language planning not only in furthering villagers' Putonghua proficiency but also in focusing on improving villagers' ability to apply language technology as well as to the learning,cultivation,and enhancement of dialect proficiency among rural children and migrant workers.