诗中有乐,乐以为诗——纪尧姆·德·马肖《真言集》中的歌诗初探

Music in Poetry,Music as Poetry——Song Poems in Guillaume de Machaut's Voirdit

文本化音乐作品的生产、接受与流通机制,是中世纪晚期音乐史的一个重要文化现象,对中世纪之后西方音乐的走向有较大影响。纪尧姆·德·马肖是14世纪法兰西伟大的诗人和音乐家,其文学与音乐创作水乳交融、相得益彰,并拥有相同的写本文化语境,其绝大多数传世的音乐作品都具有“歌诗”的文本形态,是文学-音乐综合体的有机成分。赏鉴马肖晚年最为重要的自传性长诗《真言集》,可以直观地看到“诗中有乐、乐以为诗”的现象,并由此对欧洲中世纪音乐研究的多学科性有更为深刻的理解。

The mechanism of production,acceptance and circulation of textualized music works is an important cultural phenomenon in the history of music in the late Middle Ages,which greatly influenced the development direction of Western music afterwards.Guillaume de Machaut was a great 14th-century French poet and musician,whose literary and musical creations merged and complimented each other and shared the same writing cultural context.Most of his surviving musical works took the form of “ song poem” and were an organic part of the literary-music complex.Looking at the autobiographical long poem,Voirdit,Machaut's most important work of his later years,one intuitively sees the phenomenon of “ music in poetry and music as poetry,” which contributes to an in-depth understanding of the multidisciplinary nature of European medieval music research.