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中药归经理论源流考释

Research on the origin and development of the theory of Chinese herbs channel tropism
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摘要 药物归经论是阐发药物对人体特定脏腑经络具有趋向性选择和治疗作用的理论,是中医理论体系重要组成部分。药物归经论根植于药物本身性味特征,以藏象经络理论为基础,经过临床实践和理论探索,最终理论化、系统化。药物归经理论最早可溯源于秦汉时期的《黄帝内经》,但记载较为零散,缺乏系统论述。魏晋南北朝到唐宋时期,药物归经论进一步发展,但仍处于萌芽时期。金代医家张元素首创“引经报使”学说,于《珍珠囊》中正式把药物归经作为药性加以论述,药物归经理论正式形成,其弟子李东垣、王好古在继承张元素归经学说基础上不断升华,对张氏“引经报使”理论进行了总结完善。药物归经论不仅丰富了中医理论体系,提高了临床疗效,有助于区别同类药物的功效差异,并能指导处方中药的配伍和剂量;提高了辨证施治的精准性,确保了辨证论治的个性化;丰富临床治疗的层次,拓宽治疗角度,使医者处理复杂病机更加得心应手。这一理论影响深远,至今已经成为中医学的基础理论之一。 The theory of drug channel tropism is to elucidate the selective and therapeutic effect of drugs on the specific viscera and meridians of human body,and is an important part of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.The theory of drug channel tropism is rooted in the nature and flavor characteristics of drugs themselves,based on the theories of visceral manifestation and meridian and collateral,and finally becomes theoretical and systematic after clinical practice and theoretical exploration.The theory of drug channel tropism can be traced back to Huangdi Neijing in the Qin and Han Dynasties,but the records are scattered and lack of systematic discussion.From Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties,the theory of drug channel tropism is further developed,but it is still in the embryonic stage.Zhang Yuansu,a doctor in the Jin Dynasty,pioneers the theory of“acting as the messenger to guide the channel”.He formally discusses the drug channel tropism as medicinal properties in the Zhenzhunang,and the theory of drug channel tropism is formally formed.On the basis of inheriting Zhang's channel tropism theory,his disciples Li Dongyuan and Wang Haogu has continued to sublimate,summarize and perfect the theory of“acting as the messenger to guide the channel”.The theory of“acting as the messenger to guide the channel”has not only enriched the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine,improved the clinical curative effect,but also helped to distinguish the effect difference of similar drugs.It can guide the compatibility and dosage of herbal.It improves the accuracy of syndrome differentiation and treatment,and ensures the individuation of syndrome differentiation and treatment.It enriches the level of clinical treatment,broadens the angle of treatment,and makes it easier to deal with complex pathogenesis.This theory has far-reaching influence and has become one of the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine.
作者 杨兴华 刘扬 郝佳 Yang Xinghua;Liu Yang;Hao Jia(Shanxi Science and Technology Press Co.,LTD,Taiyuan Shanxi 030012;Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Jinzhong Shanxi 030619)
出处 《山西中医药大学学报》 2024年第9期952-956,共5页 Journal of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine
基金 山西省哲学社会科学规划课题项目(2022YJ092)。
关键词 药物归经 引经报使 引经药 易水学派 drug channel tropism acting as the messenger to guide the channel channel-guiding drug Yishui School
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