间充质干细胞来源外泌体在骨组织修复中的应用

Application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in bone tissure repair

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)是骨组织修复中细胞治疗的重要来源之一,研究表明,MSC衍生的外泌体可以规避干细胞移植的局限性。在骨微环境中,外泌体已被证明在体内外均能促进成骨和成骨分化。外泌体携带DNA、mRNA、miRNA、蛋白质和脂质,在细胞间交流中发挥重要作用,直接在转录水平调节其靶细胞。其中,miRNA在分化的各个阶段都是主要调节因子,通过降解mRNA或阻断翻译来调节生理和病理过程。最近,MSC衍生的外泌体在骨修复和再生中取得重大进展,文章讨论MSC衍生的外泌体的形成以及其在骨组织缺损修复中的应用与潜在治疗机制。

Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)is one of the most significant sources of cell-based therapeutics for bone tissue regeneration.Investigations have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes can get beyond the restrictions of stem cell transplantation.Exosomes have been demonstrated to stimulate osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in the bone microenvironment both in vivo and in vitro.Exosomes play as a crucial role in intercellular communication by directly influencing the transcriptional level of their target cells.They carry DNA,mRNA,miRNA,protein,and lipids.The miRNAs are major regulators at various stages of cell differentiation,and modulate physiological and pathological processes through mRNA degradation or translation blockade.MSC-derived exosomes have advanced significantly in bone regeneration and repair recently.This article addresses the formation of MSC-derived exosomes,their application,and possible therapeutic procedures in the restoration of bone tissue defects.