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板蓝根收获机锯齿式挖掘装置设计与试验

Design and experiment of saw tooth-type digging device for radix isatidis harvester
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摘要 【目的】设计板蓝根收获机锯齿式挖掘装置,为提高我国板蓝根的机械化收获水平提供支持。【方法】依据板蓝根四垄一行的种植模式,设计了锯齿式挖掘装置及其关键部件,通过对挖掘装置挖掘过程的分析,确定了影响挖掘阻力和土壤破碎率的关键参数。采用EDEM离散元仿真方法,以挖掘阻力和土壤破碎率为评价指标,对铲面倾角、铲刃角、铲尖长度进行三因素三水平仿真试验并建立回归模型,再采用多目标变量优化方法,运用Design-Expert 8.0.6对回归模型进行优化求解以确定最佳结构参数组合,对最佳铲面倾角、铲刃角和铲尖长度组合的圆整值进行虚拟仿真试验验证,在仿真基础上以挖掘阻力和根茎损伤率为评价指标,与现有的三角铲式挖掘装置进行了田间对比。【结果】受力分析表明,影响板蓝根收获机锯齿式挖掘装置挖掘性能的主要结构参数为铲面倾角、铲刃角、铲尖长度及铲体宽度,依据板蓝根种植模式确定铲体宽度最佳值为600 mm。仿真分析表明,锯齿式挖掘装置最佳作业参数为铲面倾角16.68°,铲刃角53.05°,铲尖长度376.75 mm,理论挖掘阻力5.17 kN,土壤破碎率65.20%。利用最佳作业参数的圆整值(铲面倾角17°,铲刃角53°,铲尖长度377 mm)进行虚拟仿真验证,其挖掘阻力为5.19 kN,土壤破碎率为66.03%。田间对比试验表明,相对于三角铲式挖掘装置,锯齿式挖掘装置的挖掘阻力降低了8.41%,根茎损伤率降低了13.43%,2个评价指标均优于三角铲式挖掘装置。【结论】板蓝根收获机锯齿式挖掘装置的铲面倾角为17°,铲刃角为53°,铲尖长度为377 mm时,可以满足板蓝根收获作业的工作要求。 【Objective】 A saw tooth-type digging device of radix isatidis harvester was designed to improve its mechanized harvesting level in China.【Method】 According to radix isatidis planting mode of four ridges and one row,a saw tooth-type digging device and its key components were designed.Through the analysis of digging process,primary factors affecting digging resistance and soil fragmentation rate were identified.Using EDEM discrete element simulation method,inclination angle of shovel surface,angle of shovel edge and length of shovel point were selected as test factors,and three-factor and three-level simulation experiments were conducted with digging resistance and soil fragmentation rate as evaluation indexes.Regression models were constructed and optimized by Design-Expert 8.0.6 to determine the best combination of structural parameters.The optimal combination of inclination angle,shovel edge angle and length of shovel tip was verified by virtual simulation tests.On the basis of simulation,the field comparison test was carried out with the existing triangular shovel excavating device with digging resistance and rhizome injury rate as evaluation indexes.【Result】 The force analysis showed that main structural parameters affecting digging performance were inclination angle,shovel edge angle,blade length and blade width.The best blade width was 600 mm.The simulation results showed that the optimal working parameters of the saw tooth-type excavating device were inclination angle of shovel surface 16.68°,shovel edge angle 53.05° and length of shovel tip 376.75 mm.The theoretical digging resistance was 5.17 kN and soil fragmentation rate was 65.20%.The virtual verification results using optimal parameters(inclination angle of shovel surface 17°,shovel edge angle 53° and length of shovel tip 377 mm) showed that the digging resistance was 5.19 kN and soil fragmentation rate was 66.03%.Compare with triangular shovel digging device,dig resistance of the saw tooth-type shovel was reduced by 8.41% and rhizome injury rate was reduced by 13.43%.Both eva-luation indexes of saw tooth-type were better than those of triangular-type.【Conclusion】 The obtained saw tooth-type digging device of radix isatidis harvester with shovel surface inclination angle of 17°,shovel edge angle of 53° and shovel tip length of 377 mm can meet the requirement of harvesting radix isatidis roots.
作者 陶桂香 徐元宇 张卫国 岳晴 伞宇航 TAO Guixiang;XU Yuanyu;ZHANG Weiguo;YUE Qing;SAN Yuhang(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第11期142-154,共13页 Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金 黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2020E102)。
关键词 板蓝根收获机 锯齿式挖掘装置 离散元法 radixisatidisharvester sawtooth-typediggingdevice discreteelementmethod
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