数字经济如何影响制造业出口竞争力?

How does the Digital Economy Affect the Competitiveness of Manufacturing Exports?

作为推动经济高质量发展的新引擎,数字经济为提升中国制造业出口竞争力提供了重要机遇。本文基于数字经济对制造业出口竞争力影响的理论分析,利用2011—2020年中国城市层面数据,实证研究数字经济对制造业出口竞争力的影响效应和作用机制。研究结果显示,数字经济能够提升制造业出口竞争力,在内生性处理和稳健性检验后结论依然成立。机制检验结果表明,数字经济能够通过降低交易成本、推动技术创新和优化产业结构对制造业出口竞争力产生积极作用。从区域分布看,西部地区数字经济对制造业出口竞争力的提升效果最强,中部地区次之,东部地区最小;从分支维度看,数字经济各个分支维度对制造业出口竞争力均存在积极作用,其中产业数字化的推动作用最为突出。进一步分析结果显示,数字经济对制造业出口竞争力的影响存在门槛效应,随着数字经济发展水平的提高,其对制造业出口竞争力的提升作用呈现逐渐增强的趋势。本文研究结论为增强制造业出口竞争优势提供了基于数字经济发展视角的经验支撑与政策启示。

As a new engine to promote high-quality economic development,the digital economy provides an important opportunity to enhance the competitiveness of manufacturing exports in China.In the digital era,taking the digital economy as the driving force,enhancing the competitiveness of manufacturing exports is not only the need for the survival and development of enterprises but also the inevitable path to realizing high-quality development.Based on theoretical analysis,this paper constructs evaluation indexes of the digital economy development using panel data of Chinese cities from 2011 to 2020.Then,it empirically examines the impact of the digital economy on the competitiveness of manufacturing exports and its mechanism.Specifically,this paper analyzes the impact of the digital economy on the competitiveness of manufacturing exports at different stages and discusses the mechanism from the perspectives of reducing transaction costs,strengthening technological innovation,and optimizing the industrial structure.The findings reveal that the digital economy is conducive to improving the competitiveness of manufacturing exports.This conclusion still holds after robustness tests and endogeneity treatment.Further mechanism analyses show that the digital economy can enhance the competitiveness of manufacturing exports by reducing transaction costs,promoting technological innovation,and optimizing industrial structure.The results of the threshold effect test indicate that the impact of the digital economy on the competitiveness of manufacturing exports is slightly varied at different stages of development.Specifically,as the level of digital economy development increases,its role in enhancing the competitiveness of manufacturing exports shows a gradually increasing trend.The regional heterogeneity analysis indicates that this enhancing effect gradually increases from the eastern region to the western region.Among the sub-dimensions of the digital economy,industrial digitization plays the most prominent role in enhancing the competitiveness of manufacturing exports,while the digital development environment exerts the least positive impact.In response to the research findings,it is necessary to comprehensively promote the digital economy development and enhance the policy support for technological research and development,innovation,and industrial structure optimization,to give full play to the positive role of the digital economy in enhancing the competitive advantage of exports.By formulating a differentiated development strategy that fully takes into account the different resource endowments,industrial foundations and development needs of each region,the unique comparative advantages of each region can be more effectively leveraged to promote the synergistic development of the digital economy and the manufacturing industry.