盆栽万寿菊农艺性状对不同光周期的响应分析

Response of Agronomic Traits of Potted Marigold to Different Photoperiods

为了探究不同光周期对万寿菊全生育期各农艺性状的影响程度,分析各农艺性状指标与光周期的关系,确定万寿菊生长的适宜光周期以增产避害,本试验在温室中采用LED光源模拟三种光周期环境(光照16 h/黑暗8 h,Long-day,LD处理;光照12 h/黑暗12 h,Natural-day,ND处理;光照8 h/黑暗16 h,Short-day,SD处理),以盆栽万寿菊为对象,研究不同光周期对不同生长时期(二叶期到五叶期即V2期至V5期、顶花可见期和花期)万寿菊农艺性状和色素含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明,与SD相比,LD、ND处理均推迟万寿菊的开花时间,但其营养生长充分且旺盛,侧芽数量较多,生产切花的潜力提高。随着光周期延长,LD、ND处理单花直径、鲜重、干重以及舌状花瓣数量均显著高于SD,叶黄素含量则为LD>SD>ND。综上看出,万寿菊为兼性短日照植物,SD光周期下虽提前开花,但因其对光周期敏感性较低,各农艺性状表现欠佳;LD处理能显著提高万寿菊营养生长水平,并增加花朵产量和品质。本研究结果可对万寿菊光周期因素的适应性提高及温室万寿菊切花生产潜力的发掘等方面提供技术参考。

In this study, the influence of different photoperiods on agronomic traits of marigold throughout the entire growth period was explored, and the relationships between agronomic indicators and photoperiods were analyzed, in order to select suitable photoperiod for marigold growth to increase yield and avoid harm. The LED light sources were used to simulate three photoperiod environments as LD(light for 16 hours and dark for 8 hours, long-day treatment), ND(light for 12 hours and dark for 12 hours, natural-day treatment)and SD(light for 8 hours and dark for 16 hours, short-day treatment). Using potted marigold in greenhouse as research object, the agronomic traits and physiological indicators such as pigment content were analyzed at different growth stages(2-leaf stage to 5-leaf stage, namely V2 to V5 stage;top flower visible stage;flowering stage) under different photoperiod treatments. The results showed that compared with SD, the flowering time of marigold was delayed under both LD and ND treatments, but the vegetative growth was sufficient and vigorous with more lateral buds, so its potential for producing cut flower was increased. As the photoperiod prolonged, the fresh flower diameter, fresh weight, dry weight and number of petals were significantly higher under LD and ND treatments compared to SD treatment, but the xanthophyll content showed LD>SD>ND. Therefore, marigold was a facultative short-day plant. Although it bloomed early under SD treatment, the performance of agronomic traits was not good because its sensitivity to photoperiod was low. LD treatment could significantly improve the vegetative growth level of marigold and increase the yield and quality of flowers. The above research results could provide references for improving the adaptability of marigold to photoperiod factors and exploring the production potential of marigold cut flowers in greenhouse.