不同核桃品种花期特性观测和避晚霜品种的筛选

Observation of Flowering Characteristics of Different Walnut Cultivars and Screening ofLate Frost Avoidance Cultivars

【目的】晚霜冻害是制约核桃产业发展的关键因素,而核桃花期是易发生晚霜冻害的时期。为此,试验通过对不同核桃品种的花期进行观察,掌握其雌雄花的开放时期,以期为核桃避晚霜品种的筛选提供理论依据。【方法】依据核桃各生长阶段的观测标准,对核桃种质资源圃内13个核桃品种的花期进行观测,并记录雌花与雄花的初花期、盛花期和末花期。【结果】13个品种雌花初期相差21d,变异系数最大,为4.2%;雄花初期相差11 d,变异系数为2.5%。‘秋香’‘清香’‘香玲’和‘西扶2号’的雌花初始开放期晚,在4月17日至4月20日可有效避开春季晚霜冻害的影响。‘辽5’雌花初始开放期较晚,在4月15日,基本能避开晚霜冻害的影响。【结论】在晋中地区,可选择‘秋香’‘清香’‘西扶2号’‘香玲’和‘辽5’作为避晚霜的主栽品种,但‘秋香’‘清香’‘西扶2号’和‘香玲’存在花期不遇的现象,栽种时应配置授粉树。

【Objective】Late frost damage is the key factor restricting the development of walnut industry,and walnut stage is the period prone to late frost damage.Therefore,through the observation of the flowering period of different walnut varieties,the opening period of male and female flowers was grasped,which provided a theoretical basis for the selection of walnut cultivars with late frost.【Methods】According to the observation criteria of each growth stage of walnut,the flowering stage of 13 walnut varieties in the germplasm resource nursery was observed and recorded,including the first flowering stage,the full flowering stage and the last flowering stage of female flower.Male flower initial flowering stage,full flowering stage and final flowering stage.【Results】The initial difference of female flowers of 13 varieties was 21 days,and the coefficient of variation was the largest,which was 4.2%,and the difference of male flowers was 11 days,and the coefficient of variation was 2.5%.The female flowers of Qiuxiang,Qingxiang,Xiangling and Xifu 2 have a late initial flowering period,between April 17th~April 20th,which can avoid the harm of late frost.The first flowering period of Liao 5 female flowers is late,and on April 15,it can basically avoid the harm of late frost.【Conclusion】In the Jinzhong area,Qiuxiang,Qingxiang,Xifu 2,Xiangling and Liao 5 could be selected as the main cultivars to avoid late frost.However,Qiuxiang,Qingxiang,Xifu 2 and Xiangling have the phenomenon that they do not meet in the flowering period,and pollinators should be configured when planting.