国际投资协定中安全例外条款的“自裁决性”问题研究

A Study on the“Self-judging”of Security Exception Clauses in International Investment Agreements

随着地缘经贸斗争日益尖锐,越来越多国家在国际投资协定中设置具有“自裁决性”的安全例外条款,以维护本国的根本安全利益及东道国规制权。“自裁决性”的安全例外条款经美国双边投资协定的发展而获得广泛认同,但目前国际投资协定中尚未形成统一规定。由于国家安全概念的开放性,导致实践中安全例外条款的可诉性、“自裁决性”以及审查标准存在解释及适用分歧,从而加剧了投资仲裁的正当性危机。通过厘清投资仲裁庭在安全例外条款的审查标准以及我国所签订的双边投资协定现状,为我国完善投资协定中安全例外条款的规定以及维护国家安全利益、海外投资者的合法权益提供相应建议。

With the emergence of increasingly acute geo-economic and trade disputes,a growing number of countries have adopted“self-judging”security exception clauses in international investment agreements(IIAs)in order to safeguard their own essential security interests and the host country’s right to regulate.The“self-judging”security exception clauses has gained wide acceptance through the development of the United States bilateral investment agreements,but no uniform provisions have yet been formed in IIAs.The openness of the concept of national security has led to divergent interpretations and applications of the justiciability,“self-judging”and standard of review of security exception clauses in practice,thus exacerbating the legitimacy crisis of investment arbitration.By clarifying the review standards of investment arbitration tribunals in security exception clauses and the current situation of BITs signed by China,we put foward corresponding suggestions for China to improve the security exception clauses in IIAs and safeguard the national security interests and the legitimate rights and interests of overseas investors.