动员与激励:城市治理基层组织体系的新加坡经验研究

Mobilization and Motivation:A Study on Singapore’s Experience in Grassroots Organization System of Urban Governance

新加坡基层组织体系健全,动员与激励措施完善,在新加坡的社会治理中发挥着促进社会和谐、提升社会凝聚力以及巩固执政党基础的重要作用。改革开放以后,中国的城市发展注重研究新加坡经验,新加坡基层治理中的诸多方案、理念和价值与中国城市治理有着很强的契合性。通过回顾新加坡基层组织体系建设与发展的历程,重点回顾人民协会及其附属组织的历史演进、治理功能,可以发现新加坡的基层组织架构与治理模式将基层治理的社会力量组织化和制度化运行,高效利用社会资源,有效增加社会资本。其积极“动员”与“激励”全社会参与基层治理的许多举措,对提升中国城市治理水平有借鉴意义,结合中国实际,重点从组织构建、社区能人培育、社会动员激励机制、社会组织培育等方面讨论新加坡经验做法对中国城市基层治理的启示。

Singapore has a well-developed grassroots organization system and comprehensive mobilization and incentive measures,which play an important role in promoting social harmony,enhancing social cohesion and consolidating the foundation of the ruling party in Singapore’s social governance.After the reform and opening up,China’s urban development has focused on studying Singapore’s experiences,and many programs,concepts and values in Singapore’s grassroots governance are highly compatible with China’s urban governance.By reviewing the construction and development process of the grassroots organization system in Singapore,focusing on the historical context and governance functions of the People’s Association and its affiliated organizations,it can be found that Singapore’s grassroots organizational structure and governance model organize and institutionalize the social forces of grassroots governance,efficiently utilize social resources,and effectively increase social capital.Many of its initiatives to actively“mobilize”and“inspire”the whole society to participate in grassroots governance provide lessons for improving the level of urban grassroots governance in China.Based on China’s reality,this paper discusses the enlightenment of the Singapore’s experiences and practice for China’s urban grassroots governance from the aspects of organizational construction,community talent cultivation,social mobilization incentive mechanism,and social organization cultivation.