急性低频感音神经性聋的临床特征及预后影响因素分析

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors analysis of acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss

目的探讨急性低频感音神经性聋(acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss,ALHL)的临床特征、预后及其影响因素。方法选取2019年4月至2023年5月国家电网公司北京电力医院ALHL患者112例,根据疗效分为痊愈组(79例)和未痊愈组(33例)。收集患者基本信息和临床信息,采用多因素logistic回归分析ALHL患者痊愈的影响因素。结果112例患者中,男29例、女83例,年龄19~75岁,平均(45.3±13.8)岁。首发症状表现为听力下降7例,耳闷18例,耳鸣11例,复听14例,同时出现耳闷和耳鸣62例;17例患者伴有听觉过敏症状。随访1年,其中2例确诊为梅尼埃病,1例确诊为前庭性偏头痛。79例患者痊愈,痊愈率为70.54%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,就诊时间越早(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.862~0.952,P=0.000)的患者,痊愈的概率越大。结论ALHL首发症状不典型,不以听力下降为主要表现,女性高发。就诊时间是ALHL痊愈的影响因素。ALHL患者经及时系统的治疗,预后良好。

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,prognosis and prognostic factors of acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss(ALHL).Methods A total of 112 ALHL patients in Beijing Electric Power Hospital of State Grid Corporation of China from April 2019 to May 2023 were selected,and divided into cured group(79 cases)and uncured group(33 cases)based on treatment efficacy.The basic and clinical information of patients were collected,and the influencing factors of ALHL patients'recovery was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression equation.Results Among the 112 patients,there were 29 males and 83 females,aged from 19 to 75 years,with an average of(45.3±13.8)years.The initial symptoms were hearing loss in seven cases,ear tightness in 18 cases,tinnitus in 11 cases,hearing loss in 14 cases,and simultaneous occurrence of ear tightness and tinnitus in 62 cases.Seventeen patients were accompanied by auditory hypersensitivity symptoms.After one-year follow-up,two cases were diagnosed with Meniere's disease and one case was diagnosed with vestibular migraine.A total of 79 patients recovered,with a recovery rate of 70.54%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients who visited the hospital earlier(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.862-0.952,P=0.000)had a higher probability of recovery.Conclusions The initial symptoms of ALHL are atypical,not mainly manifest as hearing loss,and are more common in females.The duration of medical treatment is an influencing factor for the recovery of ALHL.ALHL patients have a good prognosis after timely and systematic treatment.