PB2基因在流感病毒跨物种传播和哺乳动物适应性中的作用及机制研究进展

Advances on Role and Mechanism of PB2 Gene in Cross-species Transmission and Mammalian Adaptation of Influenza Viruses

近年来,随着禽流感病毒感染人病例的不断增加,对其跨物种传播和哺乳动物适应性的研究备受关注。作为RNA聚合酶复合体的重要组成部分,PB2蛋白在流感病毒转录复制和宿主适应性中发挥关键作用。PB2的特定氨基酸位点突变以及不同亚型流感病毒间的交换重组,能够改变病毒在宿主细胞中的聚合酶活性,进而影响病毒的宿主范围和致病性,促进病毒跨物种传播的能力。此外,PB2蛋白还通过与宿主关键因子的相互作用参与调控病毒对不同哺乳动物的宿主适应性。文章对PB2蛋白的结构和功能特征及其在哺乳动物适应性机制方面的最新研究进展进行归纳总结,为揭示流感病毒跨物种传播机制及相关防控手段的完善提供参考信息。

In recent years,with an increasing number of human cases which infected with avian influenza virus(AIV),the cross-species transmission and mammalian adaptation of influenza viruses have attracted significant attention.The PB2 protein,as an important component of the RNA polymerase complex of influenza virus,plays a key role in influenza virus replication and host adaptation.The specific amino acid substitutions in PB2,as well as the reassortant of PB2 between different subtypes of influenza viruses can change viral polymerase activity in host cells,thereby affecting viral host range,pathogenicity,and cross-species transmission.In addition,PB2 is also involved in regulating mammalian adaptation of AIV through interaction with host restriction proteins.The paper summarized the structural and functional characteristics of the PB2 protein and the recent research progress in mammalian adaptive mechanisms,providing reference information for revealing the cross-species transmission mechanims of influenza virus and improving relevant.