高州市2023-2024年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

Gaozhou County in 2023-2024 Suspected Immunization Abnormal Reac⁃tion Monitoring Analysis

目的探究分析高州市2023—2024年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)监测结果。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统检索收集2023年1月—2024年3月期间的预防接种AEFI监测报告数据,对AEFI监测结果予以描述性分析。结果2023年1月—2024年3月高州市接种疫苗出现245例AFEI,平均每年报告发生率为15.22/10万剂次。一般反应占比80.00%(196/245)、异常反应占比10.61%(26/245),未出现接种事故以及疫苗质量事故。AFEI个案中男女性别比例为1.36∶1;以<1岁者发生AEFI最多,10~15岁者发生AEFI最少。接种至出现症状的间隔时间以<1 d发生AEFI最多。AFEI报告涉及疫苗36种,前三位是百白破疫苗(无细胞)、麻腮风疫苗、13价肺炎疫苗;报告发生率前三位是带状疱疹疫苗(CHO细胞)、ACYW135流脑疫苗(结合)、冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗;引起一般反应的疫苗前两位是带状疱疹疫苗(CHO细胞)、ACYW135流脑疫苗(结合);引起异常反应的疫苗前两位是麻腮风疫苗、23价肺炎球菌疫苗。结论2023年1月—2024年3月高州市AEFI监测结果符合监测要求,且能在一定程度上说明预防接种疫苗的安全性,但需关注AFEI报告中发生率较高的疫苗,并需加强高州市AEFI监测,提升AEFI监测的及时性与灵敏度。

Objective To explore and analyze the surveillance results of adverse events following immunization(AEFI)in Gaozhou from 2023 to 2024.Methods The vaccination AEFI surveillance data from January 2023 to March 2024 were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System,and the AEFI surveillance results were descriptivialy analyzed by using the analysis software.Results From January 2023 to March 2024,245 cases of AFEI were reported after vaccination in Gaozhou,with an average annual reported incidence of 15.22/100000 doses.General reactions accounted for 80.00%(196/245),and abnormal reactions accounted for 10.61%(26/245).There were no vaccination accidents and vaccine quality accidents.The male to female ratio of AFEI cases was 1.36∶1.The incidence of AEFI was highest in<1 year old group and lowest in 10-15 years old group.AEFI occurred most frequently within 1 day after inoculation.The AFEI report covered 36 kinds of vaccines,the top three were diphtheria,tetanus,tetanus(acellular),mumps vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine.The top three reported incidence rates were herpes zoster vaccine(CHO cell),ACYW135 meningococcal meningitis vaccine(conjugate),and lyophilized live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine.The top two vaccines causing general reactions were herpes zoster vaccine(CHO cell)and ACYW135 meningococcal meningitis vaccine(conjugate).Cause abnormal reaction of vaccine is top two hemp gills wind vaccines,23 pneumococcal vaccine.Conclusion The AEFI monitoring results in Gaozhou from January 2023 to March 2024 meet the surveillance requirements and can explain the safety of vaccination to a certain extent.However,it is necessary to pay attention to the vaccines with high incidence in the AFEI report,and it is nec‐essary to strengthen the AEFI monitoring in Gaozhou to improve the timeliness and sensitivity of AEFI monitoring.