基于地理网格的山西省农业水土资源分区

Research on Division of Agricultural Water and Soil Resources in Shanxi Province Based on Geographic Grid

探究不同区域农业水土资源耦合协调程度,对优化农业水土资源的配置和促进农业生产格局的转型发展具有重要意义。基于山西117个县级农业水土资源数据,参考相关研究建立分区指标体系,采用地理网格、主成分分析、聚类分析和地理探测器等方法,深入研究山西农业水土资源利用现状和主导因子。结果表明:山西农业水土资源由优到劣可分为4个一级区(A区、B区、C区和D区),每个一级区细分为3个亚区,共划分12个亚区。一级区水热条件、水土资源利用存在显著差异:A区水、热条件优越,水土资源利用状况较好(耕地指数和水资源指数分别为0.39和0.98,为四个一级区最优),主要分布在山西南部的运城盆地;B区水热条件良好,水资源利用率较高,但耕地利用程度一般,主要分布在山西中部的汾河流域、西部黄河沿岸及东南部沁河流域;C区水热条件较好,水资源利用状况良好,但耕地利用相对较差,主要分布于吕梁山系和太行山系;D区水热条件和水土资源利用情况均较为一般,主要分布在山西西北部及北部。亚区划分上,A区内3个亚区水土资源分配均衡、差异较小,分布集中,面积占比较均衡;B区以农水利用充分亚区为主,且分布较集中;C区以农水利用不充分亚区为主且连片分布,其他两个亚区面积小且分散;D区主要为农水灌溉可提升亚区,但分布较为分散。山西水土资源系统变化受自然因子驱动,影响力由大到小依次为水资源指数(0.4961)、农业用水占比(0.4815)、年平均温度(0.4480)、耕地灌溉率(0.4387)、≥10℃有效积温(0.4190),其中,年平均温度与耕地灌溉率的交互作用最为显著。

Exploring the degree of coupling and coordination of agricultural soil and water resources in different regions is of great significance to optimizing the allocation of agricultural soil and water resources and promoting the transformation and development of agricultural production patterns.Based on the data of 117 county-level agricultural land and water resources in Shanxi province,a regional index system was established with reference to previous studies,and methods such as geographic grid,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,and geodetector were used to study the current status of agricultural soil and water resources utilization and dominant factors in Shanxi in-depth.The results showed that Shanxi agricultural soil and water resources could be divided into 4 first-level regions(Region A,Region B,Region C,and Region D)from good to worse,and each first-level region was subdivided into 3 sub-regions,which could be divided into 12 sub-regions in total.The overall difference between the first-level regions was significant:Region A had superior water and heat conditions and better utilization of soil and water resources(arable land index and water resources index of 0.39 and 0.98,respectively,were the best in the four first-level areas),which was mainly distributed in Yuncheng basin in the southwestern part of Shanxi.Region B had good water and heat conditions and higher utilization rate of water resources,but with average utilization of cultivated land,which wa mainly distributed in Fen river basin in the central part of Shanxi,the Yellow river in the western part of Shanxi and Qin river basin in the southeastern part of Shanxi.Region C had better hydrothermal conditions and good utilization of water resources,but relatively poor utilization of arable land,which was mainly located in the Lvliang mountain system and Taihang mountain.Region D had more general hydrothermal conditions and soil and water resource utilization,and was mainly located in northwestern and north of Shanxi.In terms of sub-region division,the three sub-regions in Region A had balanced distribution of soil and water resources,small differences,concentrated distribution,and balanced region share.Region B was dominated by the sub-region with adequate agricultural water utilization,and its distribution was more concentrated.Region C was dominated by the sub-region of insufficient agricultural water utilization and its contiguous distribution,and the other two sub-regions were small in region and dispersed.Region D was dominated by the sub-region of upgraded agricultural water irrigation,but its distribution was more scattered.Changes in the soil and water resources system in Shanxi were mainly driven by natural factors,and the influences were,in descending order,the water resources index(0.4961),the proportion of water used in agriculture(0.4815),the annual average temperature(0.4480),the irrigation rate of cultivated land(0.4387),and the effective cumulative temperature≥10℃(0.4190),among which the interactions of the average annual temperature and the irrigation rate of arable land were the most significant.The results of this study can provide a reference for optimizing the agricultural planting structure in Shanxi.