应对大流行病的全球卫生融资问题研究——以国际卫生法律文书谈判为中心

Global Health Financing in the Context of Pandemic-Centered on the Negotiations of International Health Instruments

预防、防范和应对大流行病的全球卫生融资一方面呈现机构激增、主体与场域多元的特征,另一方面也面临融资优先事项失衡、慈善模式、融资框架无序、治理范式失衡以及可持续供资不足的多重困境。当前,《世卫组织大流行协定》草案和《国际卫生条例(2005)》修正案就融资议题已达成框架性共识。未来,推进这一议题可供选择的路径是:以公共卫生安全与健康公平基本价值间的平衡为导向,秉持人类卫生健康共同体理念,贯彻公平原则,承认发展中国家的能力差异,统筹长期公共卫生能力建设和短期快速应急融资需求,以世界卫生组织为主导统筹两项文书下的融资协调机制,推动构建共商共治的全球卫生融资治理框架,发展可持续可预测的融资渠道。

Global health financing for pandemic prevention,preparedness and response is characterized by a proliferation of institutions and a multiplicity of arenas and actors.Meanwhile,it has to face multiple dilemmas related to imbalanced financing priorities,charity model,disordered financing frameworks,imbalanced governance paradigms,and insufficient sustainable funding.The Proposal of the WHO Pandemic Agreement and International Health Regulation(2005)Amendments have reached minimum consensus on this issue.The ways forward in the future include being orientated by a balance between the fundamental values of public health security and health equity,adhering to the idea of A Global Community of Health for All,and implementing the principle of health equity,giving full consideration to the differentiated capacities of developing countries,integrating long-term health capacity building and short-term rapid emergency financing needs,promoting coordination of financing mechanisms under these two instruments within WHO,improving the governance framework for global public health financing based on consultation and co-governance,and mobilizing sustainable and predictable financing resources.