“同一健康”理念的法制化动向及其因应

The Trend of Legalisation of“One Health”Concept and Its Responses

“同一健康”理念旨在发挥疾病防控的联动效应,促进环境、动物和人群相关国际卫生规则的联结和完善,推进疾病防控与法律的同步发展。特别是从《世卫组织大流行协定》谈判进展来看,“同一健康”理念的法制化动向,促使国际卫生法变革呈现出如下趋势和考量:一是立法理念从人类中心主义向生态中心主义转变;二是立法目的从事后干预走向深度预防;三是规制工具从科学权威向规则权威迁移。“同一健康”理念的法制化动向彰显出科学和法律的交互影响,但相关谈判分歧反映了立法推进及实施仍然需要基于健康公平的价值理念进行调适和贯彻。国际援助机制创新可以促进“同一健康”理念在发展中国家的有效实施,推动构建公平公正的国际卫生法秩序。

The“One Health”Concept aims to leverage the synergistic effect of disease prevention and control,promote the linkage and improvement of international health regulations related to the environment,animals and people,and advance the simultaneous development of disease prevention and control by law.Especially from the viewpoint of the progress of the negotiation of the World Health Organization’s Pandemic Agreement,the trend of legalisation of“One Health”makes the change of international health law present the following possibilities:first,the shift in legislative philosophy from anthropocentrism to ecocentrism;second,the purpose of the legislation from post-intervention to in-depth prevention;and third,the migration of regulatory tools from scientific authority to authority of law.The legalisation of“One Health”Concept reflects the interactive influence of science and law,but the dilemma in the negotiations reflects the fact that promotion and implementation of legislation still need to be adapted and implemented based on the values of health equity.Innovations in international assistance mechanisms can facilitate the effective implementation of the“One Health”Concept in developing countries and improve the fair and equitable international health law order.