超声引导下肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞的研究进展

Research progress on ultrasound-guided costo-clavicular brachial plexus block

臂丛神经阻滞是上肢手术常见的麻醉方式之一,相对于全身麻醉(全麻),臂丛阻滞能够减少麻醉药物对各系统的影响,用药简单、有效。常见入路有肌间沟、锁骨上、锁骨下和腋窝4种。随着麻醉技术以及超声技术的快速发展,臂丛神经阻滞出现了一种新的入路--肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞,与传统方法相比,肋锁间隙臂丛外侧束、内侧束及后束集中走行在腋动脉外侧,位置更表浅,因此,超声引导下肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞穿刺花费的时间短、起效快、局部麻醉(局麻)药用量少、并发症少,广受临床关注。

Brachial plexus block is one of a common anesthesia technique for upper limb surgery.Compared to general anesthesia,brachial plexus anesthesia can reduce the impact of anesthetic drugs on various systems and is simple and effective to administers.The commonly used approaches for brachial plexus block include the interscalene,supraclavicular,infraclavicular,and axillary approaches.With the rapid development of anesthesia and ultrasound technology,a new approach called the costo-clavicular brachial plexus block has emerged.Compared to traditional methods,the lateral,medial,and posterior cords of the brachial plexus in the costo-clavicular space are more superficial and located outside the axillary artery.Therefore,ultrasound-guided costo-clavicular brachial plexus block requires less time for needle insertion,has a faster onset,requires a lower dosage of local anesthetics,and has fewer complications,making it widely recognized in clinical practice.