中国现实主义在新马的传承与变异

The Inheritance and Mutation of Chinese Realism in Singapore and Malaysia

本文从战前(1919年至1942年)马华新文学发展的三个阶段,即马华“问题小说”、马华新兴文学与和马华抗战文艺着手,探讨中国现实主义理论在新马旅行的现象,厘清战前马华现实主义文学的演变历程,进而理解现实主义对战前马华文学的营构。通过梳理中国现实主义在战前马华文坛的接受、阐释和传承过程,可以发现马华文艺工作者接受了“五四”新文化运动和中国“革命文学”倡导者对现实主义的价值预设,将其视为推进社会变革的利器。但是,他们对中国现实主义理论的接受与借鉴,并非完全无自觉的行为,而是在地社会诸多问题所引发的变革社会的热切期待所致。因此,功利主义和地方色彩是战前马华现实主义文学的重要特点。

This article will begin with the three stages in the pre-war(1919 to 1942)development of new literature by Chinese Malaysians,e.g.Problem Literature by Chinese Malaysians,Emerging Literature by Chinese Malaysians and Anti-Japanese Arts and Literature by Chinese Malaysians,in exploring how the theory of Chinese realism travelled to Singapore and Malaysia,clarifying the pre-war process of evolution in Chinese Malaysian realist literature,and understanding how realism constructs the pre-war Chinese Malaysian literature.By combing through the acceptance,interpretation and inheritance of Chinese realism in the pre-war Chinese Malaysian world of letters,it can be found that Chinese Malaysian arts and literature workers had accepted the May Fourth new culture movement and the values presupposition for realism by the promoters of the revolutionary literature in China,treating them as a sharp weapon to promote social change.However,their acceptance or borrowing of the theory of Chinese realism is not an unconscious behaviour,but a result of the enthusiastic expectation for social change as induced by the numerous issues of the local society.For this reason,utilitarianism and local colour are the important features of the pre-war realist literature by Chinese Malaysians.