强化我国粮食供应链韧性的管理权衡与协同

Management Trade-offs and Coordination for Enhancing the Resilience of China's Grain Supply Chain

粮食供应链通过国内食品运输网络实现从生产到消费的全面贯通。强化供应链韧性对国家粮食安全具有重要意义,是我国粮食安全战略的核心目标之一。基于政策分析视角,对我国粮食供应链特征及其面临多重挑战进行分析,发现目前我国粮食供应链中存在大量小规模参与主体,链条较长,具有典型的过渡型特征,并且面临人口增长和消费升级带来的供给压力、气候变化引发的粮食产量不稳定性、物流与市场调控的脆弱性以及国际市场依赖度增加导致的风险。提升我国粮食供应链韧性管理需要在数量安全、效率和包容性之间取得平衡,同时充分考虑供应链的复杂性和多样性特征。确保数量安全是构建粮食供应链韧性的首要目标,保障小农户种植积极性是建设粮食供应链韧性的内在要求,维护粮食产销区利益平衡是增强供应链韧性的必要措施,提升响应速度是稳固粮食供应链韧性的重要环节。基于此,提出增强粮食供应链韧性的政策协同路径,包括通过政策引导建立协同体系,优化资源配置以增强供应链支撑力,推动供应链多样化以提升适应力,加强内部协调和组织优化强化主体协同效应,完善市场化流通机制与储备管理以提升调控灵活性,推进数字化转型与多式联运以提高效能,健全风险管理与预警机制以增强应急应响应能力,从而逐步构建成高效、包容且具有韧性的粮食供应链体系,实现在复杂多变的环境中确保粮食安全的长期稳定。

The grain supply chain connects the entire process from production to consumption through the domestic food transportation network.Strengthening supply chain resilience is crucial to ensuring national food security and is a core objective of China's food security strategy.From a policy analysis perspective,the authors examine the transitional characteristics of China's grain supply chain and the multifaceted challenges it faces.It is found that China's grain supply chain is characterized by a large number of small-scale participants,extended supply chains,typical transitional features,and the challenges facing the grain supply chain,such as supply pressures driven by population growth and consumption upgrades,the instability of grain production caused by climate change,the fragility of logistics and market regulation,and increased risks due to greater reliance on international markets.Enhancing the resilience of China's grain supply chain requires balancing quantity security,efficiency,and inclusiveness,while fully considering the complexity and diversity of the supply chain.Ensuring quantity security is the primary goal of strengthening the resilience of China's grain supply chain;guaranteeing the enthusiasm of small-scale farm households is the internal requirement of fostering the resilience of China's grain supply chain;maintaining the balanced interests of grain production and marketing areas is the necessary measures of enhancing the resilience of China's grain supply chain;and improving the response speed is the important link of stabilizing the resilience of China's grain supply chain.Based on this,the authors put forward the policy coordination path that can be used to enhance the resilience of China's grain supply chain,including establishing a collaborative system through policy guidance,optimizing resource allocation to strengthen supply chain support capabilities,promoting supply chain diversification to improve adaptability,strengthening internal coordination and organizational alignment to foster synergy among stakeholders,improving market-based circulation mechanisms and storage management to enhance regulatory flexibility,advancing digital transformation and multi-modal transportation to increase efficiency,and strengthening risk management and early warning systems to improve emergency response capabilities to gradually build an efficient,inclusive,and resilient grain supply chain system,and guarantee the long-term stability of grain security in a complex and changing environment.