不同油莎豆品种在南疆的适应性

The study of the adaptability of different varieties of Cyperus esculentus in southern Xinjiang

【目的】对18个油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)引进品种与南疆本地品种的农艺性状和产量进行对比研究。【方法】通过种植19个油莎豆品种[吉油豆(JYD)(8、9、12、13、14、15、18、21、23、24、25、26、38);吉莎(JS)(12、14);策勒(CL)(1、2、3);南疆54团本土品种“丰产2号(FC-2)”],对农艺性状(株高、分蘖数、叶面积和千粒重等)和产量(地上和地下生物量、根生物量)进行研究。【结果】JYD-23的出苗率显著高于JYD-12、JYD-25、CL-1、CL-2和FC-2。JS-12的千粒重、叶面积和比叶面积显著高于JYD-21、JYD-12和JYD-14。JYD-13的饲草鲜重和干重显著高于FC-2。CL-3的根的鲜重和干重显著高于JYD-23和FC-2。JYD-21的分蘖数显著高于JYD-9、JYD-18、JYD-26、JYD-21、JYD-15、JS-14、JYD-8、JS-12、JYD-25、JYD-24、JYD-12、JYD-14、CL-1、CL-2、JYD-13和FC-2。JYD-9的块茎鲜重和块茎干重均显著高于JYD-18、JYD-21、JYD-15、JYD-8、JYD-25、JYD-24、JYD-12、JYD-14、CL-3、JYD-13和FC-2。采用隶属函数值法对19个油莎豆品种进行综合效应评价发现,农艺性状表现较好的品种为CL-1、CL-3和JYD-38,产量表现较好的品种为JS-14、JYD-14和JYD-9,农艺性状和产量综合评价表现较好的品种为JS-14、JYD-14和JYD-9。【结论】综合考虑,19个油莎豆品种中CL-1、CL-3、JYD-38、JS-14、JYD-14和JYD-9表现较好,可在南疆区域示范推广,但考虑到种植时间较短(仅一年),仍需继续进行观察。

【Objective】The agronomic characters and yield of eighteen imported varieties ofCyperus esculentus were compared with local varieties in southern Xinjiang.【Method】The nineteen varieties of C.esculentus were adopted{JYD(8,9,12,13,14,15,18,21,23,24,25,26,and 38),JS(12,and 14),CL(1,2,and 3),and local varieties(FC-2)"}.The agronomic characters(plant height,tillering number,leaf area,and 1000-grain weight)and yield(above and below-ground and root biomass)were studied.In this experiment,nineteen varieties of C.esculentus were planted on May 1,2023,growth characteristics were measured on September 15,2023(maximum biomass),and samples of above-ground plants,underground tubers,and roots were collected for various indexes.【Result】The results showed that the emergence rate of JYD-23 was significantly higher than that of JYD-12,JYD-25,CL-1,CL-2,and FC-2.The 1000-grain weight,leaf area,and specific leaf area of JS-12 are significantly higher than those of JYD-21,JYD-12,and JYD-14.The fresh and dry weight of JYD-13 was significantly higher than that of FC-2.The fresh and dry root weights of CL-3 were significantly higher than those of JYD-23 and FC-2.The tillering number of JYD-21 is significantly higher than that of JYD-9,JYD-18,JYD-26,JYD-21,JYD-15,JS-14,JYD-8,JS-12,JYD-25,JYD-24,JYD-12,JYD-14,CL-1,CL-2,JYD 13,and FC-2.The fresh tuber weight and dry tuber weight of JYD-9 were significantly higher than those of JYD 18,JYD-21,JYD-15,JYD-8,JYD-25,JYD-24,JYD-12,JYD-14,CL-3,JYD-13,and FC-2.The comprehensive effect evaluation of 19 varieties by the membership function value method showed that several varieties with better agronomic traits were CL-1,CL-3 and JYD-38,several varieties with better yield performance were JS-14,JYD-14 and JYD-9,and several varieties with better comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and yield were JS-14,JYD-14 and JYD-9.【Conclusion】On the whole,CL-1,CL-3,JYD-38,JS-14,JYD-14 and JYD-9 performed better among the 19 Cyperus esculentus varieties,which could be demonstrated and promoted in southern Xinjiang.However,considering the short planting time(only one year),further observation and research are still needed.