民国时期乡村小学教师进修生活的动因、特点及启示

The Motivation,Characteristics and Insights of the Training Life of Rural Primary School Teachers in the Republic of China

乡村教师的专业发展是乡村教育发展的关键,民国时期的乡村小学教师及当时的社会同仁也同样认识到教师进修的重要性。从民国时期乡村小学教师的日记、通信、自述、报告等原始资料入手,了解乡村教师真实的进修生活,在多种进修方式中重点分析进修生活的日常性和碎片化、社会性和协同性、自主性和自律性等基本特点,并从内在和外在两方面挖掘乡村教师参与进修的动因。最终得到对当代教师专业发展的三点启示:强化日常性和内生性,增强教育信念;建构专业发展共同体,提升教师主观能动性;注重教师个人反思,拓宽发展路径。

The professional development of rural teachers is the key to the development of rural education.In the Republic of China(1912-1949),rural primary school teachers and their contemporaries also recognized the importance of teacher training.This article starts from the original materials such as diaries,letters,self narratives,and reports of rural primary school teachers in that period to understand their real training life.Among various training methods,it focuses on analyzing the basic characteristics of their training life,such as daily and fragmented learning,social and collaborative study,autonomy and self-discipline.It also explores the motivations for rural teachers to participate in training from both internal and external perspectives.Three insights for the professional development of contemporary teachers have been revealed.Emphasis should be placed on daily learning and endogenous needs to enhance educational beliefs.A professional development community should be needed to raise teachers’subjective initiative.Attention should be paid to personal reflection of the teachers to broaden development paths.