风路结构对自扇冷永磁地铁牵引电机冷却散热的影响分析

Analysis of the Influence of Wind Path Structure on the Cooling and Heat Dissipation Performance of Permanent Magnet Traction Motor with Self-ventilation Cooling Structure for Subway

为了解典型外风路结构对永磁牵引电机的散热及噪声的影响规律,本论文采取数值计算和实验测试的方法,对某型号190 kW地铁永磁牵引电机在不同外风路结构下的流动、散热以及气动噪声展开了分析讨论,在保持通风孔径向高度15 mm不变的前提下,随着通风孔从48增加至60和72时,平均流速增加,流量减小,其中72孔比原始孔数48孔,流量减少了6.1%,流速增加了8%;在保持通风孔数60不变的前提下,取通风孔高度分别为15 mm、16 mm、17 mm时,随着孔高度增加,流量增加,流速减小。孔高17 mm比孔高15 mm方案流量增加了3.6%,平均流速减小了6.7%。风扇外径由280 mm增加至320 mm时,气动噪声仅增加2 dB(A)左右,但绕组最高温度、铁芯最高温度均下降5 K以上。因此,建议对于定子通风孔在满足要求设计及安全要求前提下尽量选取孔数大、高度低的参数组合;风扇外径在280~320 mm范围内时,风扇尽量选取更大一点,综合性能更优。

In order to figure out the influence of typical external wind path structure on heat dissipation and noise of permanent magnet traction motor,this paper implements numerical analysis and experimental test on the flow,heat dissipation and aerodynamic noise of a 190 kW subway permanent magnet traction motor with different external wind path structures.On the premise of keeping the radial height of ventilation aperture of 15 mm unchanged,the average flow velocity increases and the flow rate decreases with the increase of ventilation holes from 48 to 60 and 72,Specifically,the flow rate of 72-hole scheme is 6.1%lower than that of 48-hole scheme,and the average flow velocity is 8% higher.On the premise of keeping the number of ventilation holes unchanged at 60,when the height of ventilation holes is 15 mm,16 mm and 17 mm respectively,the flow rate increases and the flow rate decreases with the increase of hole height.When the hole height is 17 mm,the flow rate increases by 3.6% and the average flow velocity decreases by 6.7%.As the maximum diameter of the fan increases from 280 mm to 320 mm,the aerodynamic noise only increases by about 2 dB(A),but the maximum temperature of the winding and the maximum temperature of the iron core decrease by more than 5 K.Therefore,it is suggested that the combination of parameters with large number of holes and low height should be selected as far as possible for stator ventilation holes under the premise of meeting the requirements of design and safety,and when the outer diameter of the fan is in the range of 280~320 mm,the fan should be selected as large as possible for better comprehensive performance.