长时间站立/行走时鞋垫参数对下肢舒适性的影响

Influence of Insole Parameters on Lower Limb Comfort during Prolonged Standing/Walking

探究了长时间站立/行走时鞋垫设计参数对人体下肢舒适性的影响。选取9名年轻女性分别穿着不同硬度(30°Shore C和40°Shore C)和足弓支撑高度(+1.5 mm、+3 mm)的鞋垫,测试初始站立、站立/行走60、120和180 min时的下肢生物力学和主观舒适度指标。结果表明,随着站立/行走时间的延长,三种鞋垫条件下受试者的主观不适感均显著增大;腿围在站立/行走前后未出现显著性差异;在站立/行走120 min内中足、后跟内侧压强时间积分(PTI)和腓骨长肌肌电均方根显著增加,180 min内前掌外侧和中足峰值压强(PP)显著增加。仅改变鞋垫硬度时,随着时间推移前掌和后跟外侧PP均表现为30°Shore C组大于40°Shore C组,中足PP和PTI则表现为30°Shore C组小于40°Shore C组,而增加足弓支撑高度能够降低中足PP和PTI。因此建议长时间站立/行走职业群体应选择较硬且足弓支撑较高的鞋垫,能够较大程度减少时间累积下的足部压力负荷;此外,鞋垫支撑高度也会对扁平足和高弓足人群产生不同影响,因此还需要综合考虑穿用者的足弓状态以选择适宜的足弓支撑高度。

The influence of insole design parameters on lower limb comfort during standing/walking for a long time was investigated.Nine young women were selected to wear insole with different hardness(30°Shore C and 40°Shore C)and arch support height(+1.5 mm and+3 mm),and the lower extremity biomechanics and subjective comfort indexes were tested during initial standing,standing/walking for 60 min,120 min and 180 min.The results showed that with the extension of standing/walking time,the subjects'subjective discomfort increased significantly under the three insole conditions.There was no significant difference in leg circumference before and after standing/walking.Pressure time-integrals(PTI)and root mean myography of peroneus longus were significantly increased within 120 min of standing/walking,and peak pressure(PP)was significantly increased within 180 min of lateral palm and middle foot.When only the insole hardness was changed,PP of the medial and lateral heel were 30°Shore C>40°Shore C over time,and PP and PTI of the middle foot were 30°Shore C<40°Shore C,while increasing the arch support height could reduce PP and PTI of the middle foot.Therefore,it is recommended that the long-term standing/walking occupational groups should choose the insole with higher arch support,which can greatly reduce the foot pressure load under the accumulation of time.In addition,the support height of the insole also has different effects on the flat foot and high arch foot people,so it is also necessary to consider the arch state of the wearer to select the appropriate arch support height.