对抗“碎片化”:生态环境法律责任“抵扣型”执行的体系化思考

Combating “Fragmentation”:Systematic Thinking on the “Deduction” Enforcement of Ecological and Environmental Legal Responsibilities

近几年,部分审判机关与行政机关围绕生态环境法律责任执行开展了一系列诸如“补植复绿”“以劳代偿”“技改抵扣”“学法抵罚”等形式的创新性尝试。学界围绕这些创新性尝试所开展的研究仍处于一种“碎片化”状态,有必要对这些创新尝试的共性进行识别,提炼出生态环境法律责任“抵扣型”执行这一法学概念,用以指代一类运用抵扣行为完成生态环境法律责任执行的创新执行方式。生态环境法律责任“抵扣型”执行作为生态环境法律责任执行领域的例外性法律政策,并未违背“严格执法”“公正司法”要求,且法经济学理论可为其提供坚实法理依据。对生态环境法律责任“抵扣型”执行加以规范,当下任务在于明确其基本原则与适用条件,未来课题则为制定统一指导文件与编制推广典型案例。

In recent years, some judicial organs and administrative organs have carried out a series of innovative attempts in the execution of ecological and environmental legal responsibilities, such as “replanting and afforestation”“labor compensation”“technical transformation deduction” and “study compensation” The research conducted by the academic community on these innovative attempts is still in a fragmented state, and it is necessary to identify the commonality of these innovative attempts and distill the legal concept of “deduction-type” execution of ecological and environmental legal responsibilities, which refers to a class of innovative execution methods that complete ecological and environmental legal responsibility execution through deduction behavior. The “deduction-type” execution of ecological and environmental legal responsibilities as an exceptional legal policy in the field of ecological and environmental legal responsibility execution has not violated the requirements of “strict law enforcement” and “just justice” and the theory of law and economics can provide solid legal justification for it. The current task of regulating the “deduction-type” execution of ecological and environmental legal responsibilities is to clarify its basic principles and conditions of application, and the future task is to formulate a unified guidance document and compile and promote typical cases.