超声波处理对菜籽毛油脱胶效果的影响

Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Degumming of Rapeseed Crude Oil

为了改善传统油脂精炼中水化脱胶率低,中性油损失率高等问题。本研究采用超声波辅助水化脱胶的方法对菜籽毛油进行脱胶处理。通过单因素实验考察加水量、水化温度、超声时间和超声功率4个因素对菜籽毛油脱胶效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上进行了响应面优化,得出各因素对脱胶效果影响的主次顺序为:水化温度>加水量>超声时间。结果表明:在加水质量分数8%、水化温度55℃、超声功率65 W、超声时间10 min的条件下,菜籽脱胶油的磷含量降至最低,为21.67 mg/kg,脱胶率达到最高,为85.49%。与水化脱胶相比,脱胶率提高了23.81%。此外,超声波辅助处理可以有效降低菜籽毛油的酸价、碘值、过氧化值,降低油脂中饱和脂肪酸含量,增强油脂品质,延长储藏期,使脱胶后菜籽毛油的颜色更加晶莹剔透。

In order to improve the problems of low hydration degumming rate and high loss rate of neutral oil in traditional oil refining,etc.In this study,ultrasonic assisted hydration degumming method was mainly used to degum rapeseed crude oil.The effects of four factors,i.e.water volume,hydration temperature,ultrasound time,and ultrasound power,on the degumming effect of rapeseed crude oil were investigated by single factor experiment.Based on the single factor experiment,the response surface optimization was conducted,and the order of influence of each factor on the degumming effect was found to be hydration temperature>water volume>ultrasound time.The results indicated that under the conditions of volume fraction of water added of 8%,hydration temperature of 55℃,ultrasound power of 65 W and ultrasound time of 10 min,the phosphorus content of rapeseed degummed oil decreased to the lowest,being 21.67 mg/kg,and the degumming rate reached the highest,being 85.49%.Compared with hydration degumming,the degumming rate increased by 23.81%.In addition,ultrasound assisted treatment could effectively reduce the acid value,iodine value,and peroxide value of rapeseed crude oil,the content of saturated fatty acids in oil was decreased,the quality of oil was improved,and the storage period was extended,resulting in a clearer and brighter degummed oil color.