37份大麦新品种(系)主要农艺性状分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits of 37 New Barley Varieties(Lines)

为更好地选育适宜内蒙古地区种植推广的大麦新品种,以37份大麦新品种(系)为试验材料,对其株高、主穗长、单株穗数等9个性状进行主成分、相关性及聚类分析。结果表明,各性状的变异系数在8.54%~30.52%,从大到小依次为单株粒质量、主穗粒数、单株粒数、单株穗数、主穗粒质量等,株高的变异系数最小,为8.54%。说明大麦农艺性状和产量性状的差异主要由单株粒质量、主穗粒数、单株粒数、单株穗数、主穗粒质量等因素决定,故这些性状的改良对提高大麦产量具有重要意义。主成分分析表明,大麦新品种(系)农艺性状的多数信息包含在前4个主成分因子,累计贡献率为83.468%,主要因子为单株粒数、主穗粒数、主穗粒质量、单株粒质量。相关分析结果显示,产量与主穗粒数相关性强,达到显著水平(相关系数为0.307),与主穗粒质量、单株粒数、单株粒质量均呈正相关关系,产量与株高、单株穗数、千粒质量均相关性不大,与主穗长呈现显著负相关性。聚类分析结果显示,37份大麦新品种(系)在卡方距离3.0处可聚为3大类群,第Ⅰ类为小粒多棱高产组,第Ⅱ类为高秆大粒组,第Ⅲ类为长穗低产组。

In order to better breed new barley varieties suitable for planting and promotion in Inner Mongolia,9 traits of 37 new barley lines were compared by principal component,correlation and cluster analysis.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of each trait was between 8.54%and 30.52%,and the order from the largest to the smallest was single grain weight,number grains per spike,number grains per plant,number of spikes per plant,and grain weight main spike.The minimum coefficient of variation of plant height was 8.54%.The difference in agronomic traits and yield traits of barley was mainly determined by the factors such as grain weight per plant,number grains per main spike,number of grains per plant,number spikes per plant,and grain weight main spike.Therefore,the improvement of these traits is of great significance to increase the yield of barley.Principal component analysis showed that most of the information of agronomic traits of new barley lines was contained in the first four principal component factors,and the cumulative contribution rate was 83.468%.The main factors were grain number per plant,grain number per main spike,grain weight per main spike and grain weight per plant.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between yield and grain number per main spike,reaching a significant level(0.307).There was a positive correlation between yield and grain weight per main spike,grain weight per plant.There was no significant correlation between yield and plant height,spike number per plant and 1000-grain weight.There was a significant negative correlation between yield and main spike length.The results of cluster analysis showed that 37 varieties(lines)could be clustered into three groups at the chi-square distance of 3.0,the first group was the small grain and multi-edge high yield group,the second group was the high stem and large grain group,and the third group was the long ear and low yield group.